年龄因素论文：年龄因素对二语习得的影响

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年龄因素论文：年龄因素对二语习得的影响【中文摘要】近年来,越来越多的研究人员和教育工作者关注年龄因素在第二语言学习过程中的影响。人们试图解开这一谜题以利于教育和教学工作效率的提高。因此,它也成为备受争议的一个问题。PenfieldandRoberts在1959年最早提出临界期假说的观点,即语言学习具有明确有限制的时期,而在这一时期后学习者学习语言就很困难。这一观点成为一个被普遍认同的观点。Lenneberg在1967接受此观点并加以发挥。由于这种观点的普遍流行,越来越多的中国家长很早就给孩子提供接触英语的机会。作者联系当前我国外语学习的这种低龄化的趋势,认为研究外语学习者学习外语的起始年龄及其成绩的关系是很有必要的,这种研究可以帮助家长和教师针对孩子学习外语的问题做出更明智的抉择,以及在教学过程中采取更为行之有效的策略和方法。作者的研究中,受试者的年龄较广,其中有5到7岁的儿童,也有平均年龄为16岁的高中生,还有已经毕业30到35岁的成人。作者分析了一个案例,做了一项调查和一个问卷调查,结果表明不同年龄的学习者有不同的学习特点,外语学习者不同的起始年龄和英语能力的确有关系,起始年龄早的英语学习者比起始年龄晚的学习者在掌握英语能力上优势多。同时,作者也针对不同年龄的语言学习者,提出了一些教学方面的建议,希望能提高教和学的效率。【英文摘要】Recently,moreandmorepeoplepayattentiontotheagedifferenceintheprocessofsecondlanguagelearning (SLL).Manystudiesconsiderthisagefactorasoneofthemostimportantfactors.Ithasobviouslybecomethefocusoftheresearchersandlinguists.TheCriticalPeriodHypothesis(CPH),whichisveryfamous,provesalimitedandspecificperiodforlanguageacquisition.PenfieldandRobertsfirstsupportedtheCPHin1959.ThenLennebergalsogavehissupportlaterin1967.ThisbeliefwassopopularthatmoreandmoreparentssendtheirchildrentolearnEnglishearlierandearlier.Infaceofthislow-agelearningtend,theauthorholdstheviewthatfindingouttherelationshipbetweenthestartingageoflanguagelearnsandtheirscoresisverynecessary.Thisstudycanhelpparentsandteacherstomakewiserchoicesforthestudents.What’smore,itcanalsogiveahandtotheteacherstousemoreproperstrategiesandmethods.Therearemanysubjectswithdifferentagesinthisstudy,includingthechildren(5-7yearsold),adolescents(16-17yearsold)andgraduatedadults(30-35yearsold).Theauthorstudiesacase,atestandaquestionnaireinthestudy.TheresultsshowedthatdifferentaginglearnershavedifferentlearningcharacteristicsandthereisstrongrelationshipbetweenthestartingageoflanguagelearnsandtheirEnglishgraspingability.Inotherwords,thelanguagelearners,whosestarting ageisyounger,havemoreadvantagesthanthosewhosestartingageisolder.Meanwhile,theauthorgivessomesuggestionsontheteachingmethodsaccordingtothelearnersatdifferentageswiththehopeofimprovingtheefficiencyofteachingandlearning.【关键词】年龄因素二语习得学习策略临界期假说【英文关键词】agefactorsecondlanguageacquisitionlearningstrategyCPH【目录】年龄因素对二语习得的影响Abstract5摘要6-9Chapter1Introduction9-141.1BackgroundandImportance9-101.2FactorsAffectingSecondLanguageLearning10-131.3FrameworkoftheStudy131.4Summary13-14Chapter2LiteratureReview14-242.1ReviewSLA14-152.2TheCriticalPeriodHypothesis15-182.2.1CriticalPeriodinFirstLanguageAcquisition162.2.2CriticalPeriodinSecondLanguageAcquisition16-182.2.3TheSensitivePeriodHypothesis182.3StudiesatHomeandAbroad18-202.3.1StudiesAbroad18-192.3.2StudiesatHome19-202.4CharacteristicsofLearnersofDifferentAges20-232.4.1ChildrenLearners’Features20-212.4.2 Adolescents’Features21-222.4.3Adults’Features22-232.5Summary23-24Chapter3ResearchDesign24-323.1ResearchQuestions243.2Subjects24-253.3Instruments253.4DataCollection25-313.4.1DataCollectionoftheCase25-273.4.1.1GroupingtheSubjectsaccordingtoaSurvey25-263.4.1.2AnalyzinganExamination263.4.1.3DealwiththeData26-273.4.2DataCollectionofaTest27-283.4.3DataCollectionofaQuestionnaire28-313.5Summary31-32Chapter4ResultsandDiscussion32-414.1ResultsandAnalysisoftheStudy32-354.1.1ResultsandAnalysisoftheCase32-334.1.2ResultsandAnalysisoftheTest33-344.1.3ResultsandAnalysisoftheQuestionnaire34-354.2Discussions35-364.3Suggestions36-394.3.1SuggestionsforChildrenTeaching36-374.3.2SuggestionsforAdolescentsTeaching37-384.3.3SuggestionsforAdultsTeaching384.3.4SuggestionsforLanguageLearners38-394.4Summary39-41Chapter5 Conclusion41-455.1Conclusion41-425.2ProblemsandLimitationsintheStudy42-435.3SuggestionsforFutureResearch43-445.4Summary44-45References45-58Acknowledgements58