临床常见病原体检测英文版（2011）

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1、临床常见病原体检测Examinationofclinicalcommonpathogens呼吸内科熊维宁DepartmentofRespiratoryMedicineXiong,Weining1目的Objective确定感染的发生和性质，及早明确诊断；Determinetheoccuringandnatureofinfection,andmakediagnosisearly;尽早选择适当的治疗方案；Selecttheappropriatetreatmentassoonaspossible;采取有效的预防措施，防止感染可能广泛传播所造成的危害。Takeeffectivepreven

2、tionmeasurestopreventinfectiontocausewidespreaddamage.2基本程序BasicProcedures正确采集和运送标本；Correctcollectionandtransportationofspecimens初步诊断：直接镜检，免疫学和分子生物学检测；Initialdiagnosis:directmicroscopy,immunologyandmolecularbiologyexamination;确定诊断：病原体的分离、鉴定及药敏实验，报告结果；Determineddiagnosis:pathogenisolation,ident

3、ificationandsensitivitytest,reportingresults;合理用药Appropriatedruguse3第一节SectionOne标本的采集运送、实验室评价和检查方法Transportationandcollectionofspecimen,laboratoryevaluationandexaminationmethods4一、标本采集和运送One.CollectionandtransportationofSpecimen5基本原则Basicprinciples根据病史与临床表现确定标本采集的时间、部位、种类和数量，尽量采集病变明显部位标本；Acc

4、ordingtohistoryandclinicalmanifestationstodeterminethecollectiontime,location,typeandquantityofspecimens,collectspecimensatsignificantpartsoflesions;无菌操作，防止污染；Useaseptictechniquetopreventcontamination;采取适宜的方式进行储存，尽快送检；Appropriatewaytostore,assoonaspossibleforexamination;要视所有标本为传染品，高度危险性的标本要有明显

5、标识，急症或危重患者标本要特别注明。Toviewallthespecimensforinfectious,highriskspecimensshouldbeclearlymarked,acuteorcriticallyillpatientspecimensshouldbespecified.6（二）尿液(Two)Urine无菌采集中段尿；Sterilecollectionofmid-portionurine;如考虑厌氧菌感染，采取膀胱穿刺法采集标本，无菌厌氧小瓶运送；Ifconsiderationofanaerobicinfections,applybladderpuncture

6、tocollectspecimens,transportthemwithsterileanaerobicvial;排尿困难者考虑导尿采集标本。Applycatheterizationtocollectspecimensfordysuriapatients.9（三）粪便(Three)Stool挑取脓、血或粘液部分于清洁容器中送检；Pickpus,bloodormucusfromstollintocleancontainersforexamination;排便困难者或婴儿采用直肠拭子采集，置于有保存液的试管内送检；Applyrectalswabforinfantsordifficul

7、tdefecation,placeitwithpreservationsolutioninthetesttubeforexamination;怀疑霍乱弧菌感染引起的腹泻，将标本置于碱性蛋白胨水或卡-布（Cary-Blair）运送培养液送检；SuspectedinfectionscausedbyVibriocholerae,thespecimenswereplacedinalkalinepeptonewaterorcard-cloth(Cary-Blair)transp