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ID:19444642
大小:2.80 MB
页数:26页
时间:2018-10-02
《儿童分泌性中耳炎诊治课件》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、儿童分泌性中耳炎的诊治江苏省人民医院南京医科大学第一附属医院分泌性中耳炎(OME)是以鼓室积液和传导性听力下降为主要特征的中耳非化脓性炎症Catarrhalinflammationofmiddleearcleftthatcharacterizedbymiddleeareffusionandconductivehearingloss.无急性炎症表现(耳痛、发热、鼓膜充血肿胀)的中耳积液,但可源于急性中耳炎OMEisdefinedasMEEwithoutsignsandsymptomsofacuteinflam
2、mation(otalgia,irritability,andfever;bulgingofthetympanicmembrane)概述儿童、婴幼儿听力下降的主要原因之一OneofthemostimportantfactorthataffectingtheChildren’shearing儿童OME确切的发病率不详,因本病通常无明显临床症状。然而,几乎所有3岁左右的儿童都曾经历过至少1次中耳积液的发作Itmaybedifficulttodeterminethe“true”incidenceofOMEbeca
3、use,bydefinition,OMEisasymptomatic.However,nearlyallchildrenhadexperiencedatleastoneepisodebytheageof3yearsVariousfactorsinteractinthepathogenesisofotitismedia病因、病理机制—多因素相互作用感染解剖、生理因素宿主因素环境因素咽鼓管(ET)-中耳(ME)-乳突(mast)通气系统在OME发病中的作用.Thethreephysiologicfunction
4、softheeustachiantubeare(1)pressureregulation(ventilation),(2)protection,and(3)clearance(drainage).Ofthese,pressureregulationisthemostimportantA,Pressureregulationfunctionisrelatedtoactivedilationofthetubebycontractionofthetensorvelipalatinimuscle(TVP).以往认为
5、,咽鼓管功能不良是OME发生的始发及主要因素儿童、婴幼儿咽鼓管较成人短、宽、平,更易患OME,7岁以后渐接近成人,OME发生率明显下降中耳积液的细菌学研究Comparisonofdistributionofisolatesin2807effusionsfrompatientswithacuteotitismedia(AOM)and4589effusionsfrompatientswithotitismediawitheffusion(OME)atthePittsburghOtitisMediaResearc
6、hCenter,1980to1989.Totalpercentagesaregreaterthan100%becauseofmultipleorganisms现有研究认为:OME可能起源于慢性感染SecretorychangesinthemiddleearinCOMEaremostlikelyduetochronicinfection多数患者以急性感染起病Themajorityofcasesbeginasacuteinfectionofthemiddleear咽鼓管及中耳粘膜的炎症后反应导致持续性鼓室积液P
7、ostinflammatoryalterationinthemiddleearmucosaandeustachiantube(e.g.,gobletcellmetaplasiaandhypersecretion)leadtopersistenceofeffusion咽鼓管功能不良是疾病发生、发展的重要环节Dysfunctionoftheeustachiantubeisanimportantpartoftheprocess.症状耳闷、听力下降、耳鸣以及自听过显听力下降是儿童就诊的首要原因体格检查听力学测试影像
8、学检查:不作常规诊断DiagnosisOME可经鼓膜穿刺确诊,但儿童不宜推荐体检Physicalexamination耳科检查头颈检查:很重要,可发现OME易患因素,如:颅面畸形、腭裂、鼻腔和鼻咽部异常.OMwithretracteddrumOMwithair-fluidlevel听力学检查HearingTests听阈评价:轻~中度传导性听力损失行为测听:视觉强化测听(<2岁),游戏测听(>2岁),纯音测听(>5
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