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ID:19415962
大小:2.55 MB
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时间:2018-10-02
《医学课件醇类中毒》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、第四章醇类中毒SpiritsintoxicantForensicdepartmentZufengwangSpiritsintoxicant↓↓AlcoholintoxicationDruggedDriving?Isitaproblem?Who’sdoingit?Howdowepreventit?概述醇类是一类跟链烃基相连的羟基的有机化合物。甲醇--醛类--酸类乙醇--醛类--酮类法医学中常见第一节乙醇中毒中毒原因:毒理作用:中毒致死量:中毒症状:尸体检查所见:检材采取:法医学鉴定要点:EthylalcoholintoxicationA
2、nydrinkcontainingfrom0.5to95%alcoholisconsideredanalcoholicbeverage.Theterm“proof”isusedtodescribethestrengthofanalcoholicbeverage.Proofisdefinedastwicethepercentageofthealcoholcontentofthedrink.Thus,an80-proofbeverageis40%alcohol.Thealcoholcontentofbeerrangesbetween3.2an
3、d4%,tablewines7.1to14%,whiskey40–75%,vodka40–50%,gin40–85%,andrum40–95%.AlcoholCHHHOHCHH(CH3-CH2-OH)DefinitionAlcoholtolerance:overtime,thepersonmustconsumemorealcoholtoachievethesameeffectDependence:developwithdrawsymptomswithcessationofalcoholAddiction:drasticbehaviorus
4、edtomaintainalcoholintake,ofteninvolvedsociallyinappropriatebehavior酒度:20℃时乙醇含量的百分比表示,即100ml酒类饮料中含乙醇的毫升数。啤酒2-6%,葡萄酒10-23%,黄酒14-17%,白酒50-65%,威士忌40-50%,杜松子酒40-55%,朗姆酒40-65%。化工、医药原料,实验室试剂。中毒原因大量饮酒致急性中毒。过量饮酒可直接中毒或严重并发症。医疗误用,发生中毒。与其他药物相互作用。长期慢性中毒。乙醇滥用导致一系列社会问题-车祸、打架斗殴、工伤事故、暴力犯
5、罪及意外事故。毒理作用吸收:80%由十二指肠,其余由胃。酒后2-5分钟开始入血,1小时吸收60%,1.5小时吸收90%,血中浓度达高峰,2.5小时全部吸收。空腹吸收快(半小时80%),食物(脂肪、蛋白)减慢吸收收,乙醇含量高吸收快,有胃病吸收快。蒸汽可由呼吸道吸入,皮肤少。ecausealcoholissolubleinwater,itispresentinthebodytissueindirectrelationtotheamountofwatercontentofthetissueorfluid.Specimenswithhighwa
6、tercontent,suchasbloodorvitreous,willhavehighconcentrationsofalcoholcomparedwithtissuessuchastheliverorbrain.Forensicpathologiststendtodealinwholebloodwhenperformingalcoholdeterminations,whilecliniciansoftenuseserumorplasma.毒理作用分布:入血后均匀而迅速分布全身所有组织和体液中。酒后1-1.5h血中浓度最高,6-13h
7、脏器最高,血供好的脏器(脑、肝、肾、肺)分布多,脂肪、骨组织分布少。在平衡状态时,全血与脑、肝、脑脊液、呼气的乙醇浓度恒定,分别为:1:1,1:0.85,1:1.10-1.27,2300:1。MetabolismRapidabsorptionthroughstomach(20%)andsmallintestine>90%EtOH(byADH)acetaldehyde(byALDH)acetateCO2+water5-10%EtOHexcretedthroughlung+kidney1drinkraisebloodalcoholle
8、vel(BAL)25mg/dLRatiobetweenBALand[EtOH]lungconstant(JApplPhysiol1998:84(2):401-8,review)Metabol
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