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1、湖南师范大学本科毕业论文考籍号：XXXXXXXXX姓名：XXX专业：教育类英语教学论文题目：图式理论和大学英语阅读教学指导老师：XXX二〇一一年十二月十日1.Introduction1.1SchemaTheearliestformulationofschemawasputforwardbyKant.Inmodernpsychologystudy,BartlettiscreditedwithfirstproposingtheconceptofschemainRemembering:AStudyinExperimentalandSocialPsycholog
2、y.“Tohim,thetermschemareferstoanactiveorganizationofpastreaction,orofpastexperiences,whichmustalwaysbesupposedtobeoperatinginanywell-adoptedorganicresponse.”[1]In1970s,Rumelhartexplainedthatthe“schemaisthebuildingblocksofcognition.”[2]Forexample,thepeopledon’thavethedefinitionofc
3、omputerbeforeitisinvented.Butnow,withthepopularizingofcomputer,thereisadefinitionofcomputerinpeople’smindthatisthecomputerschema.Theschemahelpsthepeopletomakeupapictureofcomputersthathavebeenseenandtoknowthedifferentkindsofcomputersandthethingsthataresimilartothecomputerslater.Th
4、atistosay,“schemaisastructureofabstractknowledge;itsummarizesallkindsofknowncaseswhichhasdifferentdetailsandgivestheexpressiontotherelationorallparts.”[3]1.2ClassificationsofSchemaTheoryResearchershaveidentifiedseveraltypesofschemata.“Contentschema,whichreferstoareader’sbackgroun
5、dorworldknowledge,providesreaderswithafoundation,abasisforcomparison.Formalschema,oftenknownastextualschema,referstotheorganizationalformsandrhetoricalstructuresofwrittentexts.Itcanincludeknowledgeofdifferenttexttypesandgenres,andalsoincludetheunderstandingofdifferenttypesoftexts
6、whichusedifferenttextorganization,languagestructures,vocabulary,grammar,levelofformality/register.Schoolingandcultureplaythelargestroleinprovidingonewithaknowledgebaseofformalschema.Whileformalschemacoverdiscourselevelitems,linguisticorlanguageschemaincludethedecodingfeaturesneed
7、edtorecognizewordsandhowtheyfittogetherinasentence.Firstlanguagereaders,maythroughrepeatedexamples,beabletogeneralizeapatternorguessthemeaningofaword,whichmaynothaveinitiallybeenpartoftheirlinguisticschemata.Thebuildingoflinguisticschemainasecondlanguagecanproceedinthemuchthesame
8、way”.[4]Fromtheabovediscussionitiseviden
