肝胆疾病超声诊断

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1、肝胆超声Mirror-imageatifactBecausethesoundtravelsmoreslowlyinfluidthanintheliverparenchyma,alargecystcandelaythepassageofsound,causingthediaphragmtoappearfartherawaythanitis.CT:alow-densitylesiondrainageofHepaticabscessTransabdominalandtranscervicalchorionicvillussampling(CVS),Thecatheterisfoll

2、owedsonographicallythroughoutitscoursefromthecervixtoanappropriatepositionwithintheplacentaRAIRPIRPSRAS2234RHVThenormalmeanvelocityinthemainportalveinisabout15to18cmpersecond,butthenormalrangeiswide.Thenormalportalveinflowisantegrade(hepatopetal)throughouttheentirecardiaccycle.fissureforthe

3、ligamentumvenosum(arrows)sagittalviews:Thefissurefortheligamentumvenosumseparatesthecaudatelobe(C)fromthelateralsegmentoftheleftlobe(LL)..(1)alargeantegradesystolicwavecausedbythemovementofthetricuspidannulustowardthecardiacapex;(2)asmallretrogradeV-wavecausedbyrightatrialoverfilling;theV-w

4、aveisusuallybelowthebaselinebutmaybeabovethebaseline;(3)anantegradediastolicwavecausedbytheopeningofthetricuspidvalveandflowofthebloodfromtherightatriumtotherightventricle;(4)aretrogradeA-wavecausedbyrightatrialcontraction;and(5)aretrogradeC-wavecausedbytheclosureofthetricuspidvalveatthebeg

5、inningofsystole,whichmaybeseeninafewpatients1.       Thenormalhepaticveinwaveformconsistsofwavesinthefollowingsequence:(1)alargeantegradesystolicwavecausedbythemovementofthetricuspidannulustowardthecardiacapex;(2)asmallretrogradeV-wavecausedbyrightatrialoverfilling;theV-waveisusuallybelowth

6、ebaselinebutmaybeabovethebaseline;(3)anantegradediastolicwavecausedbytheopeningofthetricuspidvalveandflowofthebloodfromtherightatriumtotherightventricle;(4)aretrogradeA-wavecausedbyrightatrialcontraction;and(5)aretrogradeC-wavecausedbytheclosureofthetricuspidvalveatthebeginningofsystole,whi

7、chmaybeseeninafewpatientsABDEBRISCYST1.Thecystsbecomeincreasinglycommonwithage,andtheincidenceishigherafter40yearsofage,reaching7%inpersonsover80yearsold.Whenlargerthan4cm,theyaretermedgianthemangiomasHemangiomasmayincreaseinsizeduringpregnancyorafterest