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1、专业GMAT与托福保分机构Passage3Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollow（否定态度）theclassicalrationalmodelof(of后面解释说明经典理性模型的内容，可以略读)firstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedec
2、ision.//第一层，主要讲多数高级管理者不推崇经典理性模型解决问题。Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermed“intuition”tomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofth
3、inking.//第二层，转折关系，高级管理者依赖直觉解决问题，并把行动和思考结合在一起。Generations（世代的，需要体会出有老观点的意味，一般老观点都有问题）ofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmanagersrelyheavilyonintuition.第一层，世代评论管理学的作家们认为一些管理者过分依赖直觉。//Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspof（否定态度）whatintuitionis.Someseeitas
4、theoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.//第二层，转折关系，作者认为这些作家们对直觉概念存在误解。Isenberg’srecentresearch（引出新观点）onthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese(指代的是第二段中作家们把直觉看成oppositeofrationality和excuseforcapriciousness).第一层，否定
5、第二段中作家们对直觉的观点，Isenberg提出关于直觉的新观点。//Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainsta
6、kingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninan“Aha!”experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutives全国免费咨询热线：400-600-11
7、23专业GMAT与托福保分机构arefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depth
8、analysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausib
