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1、DevelopmentalPsychology©2010AmericanPsychologicalAssociation2010,Vol.46,No.1,78920012-1649/10/$12.00DOI:10.1037/a0016694ANewLookatChildrensUnderstandingofMindandEmotion:TheCaseofPrayerChristiBamfordandKristinHansenLagattutaUniversityofCalifornia,Davis
2、Multiplemethodswereusedtoexaminechildrensawarenessofconnectionsbetweenemotionandprayer.Four-,6-,and8-year-oldsandadults(N100)predictedwhetherpeoplewouldpraywhenfeelingdifferentemotions,explainedwhycharactersindifferentsituationsdecidedtopray,andpredi
3、ctedwhethercharactersemotionswouldchangeafterpraying.Four-and6-year-oldsexclusivelyjudgedthatpositiveemotionsmotivateprayer,whereas8-year-oldsandadultsmostoftenpredictedthatnegativeemotionswouldcausepeopletoprayandthatprayingcouldimproveemotions.There
4、wasalsoabroadly.significantincreasebetween4and8yearsinexplainingprayerasmotivatedbyneedforassistance,forthanksgiving,andforconversation,aswellasforexplainingpostprayeremotionsinrelationtoGodorpublishers.prayer.Religiousbackgroundpredictedindividualdif
5、ferencesinreasoningonlyfor4-year-olds.allieditsdisseminatedKeywords:coping,emotionunderstanding,theoryofmind,religion,prayerofbetoonenotorisThedevelopmentofchildrensunderstandingabouttherelation-mindstoalleviatenegativeemotions,suchasbychangingtheands
6、hipbetweenmindandemotionhasbeenstudiedwithregardtofocusorthecontentoftheirthoughts(seeAltshuler&Ruble,userchildrensknowledgeaboutemotionscausedbydesiresandbeliefs1989;Mischel&Ayduk,2004;Stansbury&Sigman,2000).Association(e.g.,Harris,Johnson,Hutton,And
7、rews,&Cooke,1989;WellmanBecausechildrenoftenlearnabouttheirworldinculturally&Banerjee,1991;Wellman&Woolley,1990),bythinkingorspecificways(Rogoffetal.,2007;Vygotsky,Rieber,&Hall,beingremindedaboutpastemotionalevents(Lagattuta&Well-1998),theymayadaptcul
8、turaltoolsforthinkingaboutandcopingindividualman,2001;Lagattuta,Wellman,&Flavell,1997),byanticipatingwithnegativeemotions.OnewidelyusedculturaltoolforhandlingthePsychologicaloffutureeventsinlightofpastexperiences(Lagattuta,2007),andbynegativee
