高等凝聚态物理-[美]l·m·桑德尔-剑桥大学出版-2009

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1、ThispageintentionallyleftblankAdvancedCondensedMatterPhysicsThisgraduatetextbookincludescoverageofimportanttopicsthatarenotcommonlyfeaturedinothertextbooksoncondensedmatterphysics,suchastreatmentsofsurfaces,thequan-tumHalleffect,andsuperfluidity.Itav

2、oidscomplexformalism,suchasGreen’sfunctions,whichcanobscuretheunderlyingphysics,andinsteademphasizesfundamentalphysicalreasoning.Intendedforclassroomuse,itfeaturesplentyofreferencesandextensiveprob-lemsforsolutionbasedontheauthor’smanyyearsofteaching

3、inthePhysicsDepartmentattheUniversityofMichigan.Thistextbookissuitableforphysics,chemistryandengineer-inggraduatestudents,andasareferenceforresearchstudentsincondensedmatterphysics.Engineeringstudentswillfindthetreatmentofthefundamentalsofsemiconduct

4、ordevicesandtheopticsofsolidsofparticularinterest.LeonardM.SanderisProfessorofPhysicsattheUniversityofMichigan.Hisresearchinterestsareintheoreticalcondensedmatterphysicsandnon-equilibriumstatisticalphysics,especiallythestudyofgrowthpatterns.AdvancedC

5、ondensedMatterPhysicsLeonardM.SanderDepartmentofPhysics,TheUniversityofMichiganCAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESSCambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown,Singapore,SãoPauloCambridgeUniversityPressTheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UKPublishedintheUnitedSt

6、atesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYorkwww.cambridge.orgInformationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521872904©L.Sander2009Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,norepr

7、oductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.Firstpublishedinprintformat2009ISBN-13978-0-511-50679-6eBook(EBL)ISBN-13978-0-521-87290-4hardbackCambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy

8、ofurlsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate.ToMae&EvelynContentsPrefacepagexi1Thenatureofcondensedmatter11.1Somebasicordersofmagnitude1