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1、TOJET:TheTurkishOnlineJournalofEducationalTechnology–January2011,volume10Issue1INSTRUCTIONALDESIGNINEDUCATION:NEWMODELProf.Dr.AytekinİŞMANSakaryaUniversity,Turkeyisman@sakarya.edu.tr&ismanay@hotmail.com,www.aytekinisman.comINTRODUCTIONInstructionisaplanofteaching&learningactivitiesinwhichlearn
2、ingisorganized.Thisinstructionalplanmotivatesstudentstolearn.Theaimofinstructionistomakethelearningprocesstakeplace.AccordingtoGustafson(1996),instructionaldesignis:1.analyzingwhatistobetaught/learned;2.determininghowitistobetaught/learned;3.conductingtryoutandrevision;and4.assessingwhetherlea
3、rnersdolearn.Instructionisasystematicprocessinwhicheverycomponent(i.e.teachers,students,materials,andlearningenvironment)iscrucialtosuccessfullylearning(Dick&Carey,1996).Instructiondealswithteachingandlearningactivities.Theseactivitiesshouldassiststudentstolearnknowledgeandmovethisknowledgefro
4、mshorttermmemorytolongtermmemory.Todothat,studentsneedtolearnhowtorehearse,encode,processandfeedbacknewknowledgetobeabletorememberwhentheyneed.Intheinstructionaldesignprocess,therearealotoffactorsthatshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Thesefactorsarecloselyrelatedtoeachotherandaffecteachothertoace
5、rtainextent.Thesefactorsshouldbeorganizedintheinstructionaldesignsteps.Forexample,ifthegoalsandobjectivesarenotchosen,specifiedorwrittenproperly,thenthenextandotherstepswillcontainsomeproblemsbecauseoftheinappropriateandincompleteitemsinthepreviousstep.Intheinstructionaldesign,thestepsareallin
6、terrelatedwitheachother.Itisveryimportanttoorderthestepsinawaythatwillbelogicalandinrelationwithothersteps.Inotherwords,instructionaldesignisabigresponsibilitytodesignteachingandlearningactivities.Allstepsshouldbethoughtandchosencarefullyandshouldbeorderedinameaningfulway.Everydetailcanplayani
7、mportantroleduringtheimplementation.Everydecisionshouldbegivenduetoareason,notjustforthesakeofdoingso.Thedesignershouldbefullyawareoftherelationshipamongthesteps.Duringtheteachingandlearningprocess,thedesignershouldcollectreliabledataab
