科学、心灵和宇宙：自然哲学导论

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1、TomycolleaguesfromIAGIUGGICSUOA•WingratitudePrefaceSchuster,bleibbeideinemLeisten!GermanproverbTherabbispokethreetimes.Thersttalkwasbrilliant:clearandsimple.Iunderstoodeveryword.Thesecondwasevenbetter:deepandsubtle.Ididn'tunderstandmuch,buttherabbiunderstoodallofit.Thethirdwasbyfarthenest

2、:agreatandunforgettableexperience.Iunderstoodnothing,andtherabbididn'tunderstandmucheither."ThiswasoneofNielsBohr'sfavoriteanecdotes(Folse,1985,p.258).Allbooksonphilosophybelongtooneofthethreetypesoftherabbi'stalks.Inanintroductorytextlikethepresentbook,thereaderisentitledtoexpectthatitbelon

3、gstoRabbiType1".Thisisatleastwhatwehavetriedtoachieve.OurhigherpolytechnicalschoolshavefrequentlybecomeTechnicalUniversities"orUniversitiesofTechnology".Thisimpliesthattheyintendnotonlytogiveaprofoundscienticorprofessionaleducation,butalsotooeratouchofuniversality".Now,thecommoninterdi

4、sci-plinarybackgroundofallscientic,engineeringandmedicaldisciplinesisbecomingincreasinglyphilosophical".Onallaspectsofphilosophyofmathematicsandnaturalsciencethereareexcellentandevenbrilliantmonographs.Theintentionofthepresentbookismuchmoremodest:toprovideanabsolutelyintroduc-toryyetrather

5、systematicandcomprehensivetextbooktayloredtotheinterestsofstudentsofscience,technology,andmedicine.Thisbookiswrittennotbyaprofessionalphilosopher,butbyapracticingscientist.Thelackofphilosophicaldepthisthusperhapspartlymadeupbyaknowledgeofthementalityandinterestsofstu-dentsofscienticdiscipli

6、nesandbyactiveresearchexperienceinsci-ence,inwhichinterdisciplinaryandphilosophicalquestionsarearisingnaturallyandtoaneverincreasingextent.viiviiiTheauthor'sphilosophicalinterestsdatebacktotheageof17years,whenhehappenedtocomeacrossthebrilliantbookAnOut-lineofPhilosophy"byBertrandRussell(Rus

7、sell1927).Laterhisinter-estschangedfromRusselltohismoreprofoundandmoremany{sidedcolleagueAlfredNorthWhitehead.Tomethereisonlyonemodernphilosopherofcomparabledepthanduniversality:CarlFriedrichvonWeizs•acker.In1974and1975Igaveacourseonthephilosophyof