科学、心灵和宇宙：自然哲学导论

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1、TomycolleaguesfromIAGIUGGICSUOA•WingratitudePrefaceSchuster,bleibbeideinemLeisten!GermanproverbTherabbispokethreetimes.Thersttalkwasbrilliant:clearandsimple.Iunderstoodeveryword.Thesecondwasevenbetter:deepandsubtle.Ididn'tunderstandmuch,buttherabbiunderstoodallofit.Thethird

2、wasbyfarthenest:agreatandunforgettableexperience.Iunderstoodnothing,andtherabbididn'tunderstandmucheither."ThiswasoneofNielsBohr'sfavoriteanecdotes(Folse,1985,p.258).Allbooksonphilosophybelongtooneofthethreetypesoftherabbi'stalks.Inanintroductorytextlikethepresentbook,therea

3、derisentitledtoexpectthatitbelongstoRabbiType1".Thisisatleastwhatwehavetriedtoachieve.OurhigherpolytechnicalschoolshavefrequentlybecomeTechnicalUniversities"orUniversitiesofTechnology".Thisimpliesthattheyintendnotonlytogiveaprofoundscienticorprofessionaleducation,butalsot

4、ooeratouchofuniversality".Now,thecommoninterdisci-plinarybackgroundofallscientic,engineeringandmedicaldisciplinesisbecomingincreasinglyphilosophical".Onallaspectsofphilosophyofmathematicsandnaturalsciencethereareexcellentandevenbrilliantmonographs.Theintentionofthepresent

5、bookismuchmoremodest:toprovideanabsolutelyintroduc-toryyetrathersystematicandcomprehensivetextbooktayloredtotheinterestsofstudentsofscience,technology,andmedicine.Thisbookiswrittennotbyaprofessionalphilosopher,butbyapracticingscientist.Thelackofphilosophicaldepthisthusperhaps

6、partlymadeupbyaknowledgeofthementalityandinterestsofstu-dentsofscienticdisciplinesandbyactiveresearchexperienceinsci-ence,inwhichinterdisciplinaryandphilosophicalquestionsarearisingnaturallyandtoaneverincreasingextent.viiviiiTheauthor'sphilosophicalinterestsdatebacktotheageo

7、f17years,whenhehappenedtocomeacrossthebrilliantbookAnOut-lineofPhilosophy"byBertrandRussell(Russell1927).Laterhisinter-estschangedfromRusselltohismoreprofoundandmoremany{sidedcolleagueAlfredNorthWhitehead.Tomethereisonlyonemodernphilosopherofcomparabledepthanduniversality:Ca

8、rlFriedrichvonWeizs•acker.In1974and1975Igaveacourseonthephilosophyof