植物激素——独脚金内酯

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1、STRIGOLACTONESStrigolactonescontributetoadevastatingformofplantparasitismStrigaareparasiticplantsthatarethesinglelargestbioticcauseofreducedcropyieldsthroughoutAfrica(>$10billionperyearinyieldlosses)StrigaHostRootparasitesStrigagerminationisinducedbystrigolactonesprod

2、ucedbythehostplantrootsStrigahermonthicaImagesource:USDAAPHISPPQArchiveStrigolactones(SLs)regulateseeminglyunrelatedeventsStrigaHostRootAMfungiSLsinhibitshootbranchingSLspromoteassociationswitharbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)fungiSLspromotegerminationofparasiticStrigaplantsS

3、trigolactonesinhibitshootbranchingImagecourtesyRIKENWildtypeSL-deficientInmutantplantsunabletomakeSLs,manymoreshootbranchesgrowoutStrirgolactonespromotebeneficialsymbioticinteractionsImagecourtesyofMarkBrundrettSymbioticAMfungiSLspromotesthesymbioticassociationwithAMf

4、ungi.Thissymbiosisoccursin80%oflandplantsandhelpsthemassimilatenutrientsfromthesoilArbuscularisderivedfromLatinfortree(arbor).Mycorrhizameans“fungusroot”StrigolatonespromotegerminationofparasiticStrigaseedsStriga-infestedmaizefieldTheircommonnameiswitchweedbecausethep

5、lantsappeartobecursed.TypicallyStrigainfestationcausesreductionsincropyieldsof50–100%ImagesourceUSDAAPHISPPQArchiveImagecourtesyRIKENWhatistheconnectionbetween:ShootbranchingRootparasitism,andRootsymbiosis?ThesethreeindependenttopicsrecentlyconvergedonSLsEvolutionofpl

6、antparasitismOriginsofplant/mycorrhizalsymbiosis>460myaSearchforbranchingfactor...1960s–1970sPurificationandcharacterizationofstrigolfromroots1900s-Roleofauxininshootbranchingdescribed1990s–2000sBranchingmutantsdescribedinpetunia,pea,Arabidopsisandrice2008-Strigolacto

7、nesinhibitshootbranching1800s-RecognitionofAM/plantsymbiosis1800s-Hostplantfactorrequiredforparasiticseedgermination2005-StrigolactonespromotehyphalbranchingLectureOutlineSynthesisPerceptionandsignalingStrigolactonesinwhole-plantprocesses:ShootbranchingMosscolonygrowt

8、hSymbiosisGerminationTowardstheeliminationofStrigaparasitismImagesourceUSDAAPHISPPQArchiveSynthesisInasearchforstimulatorsof