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全国2010年7月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）16.marketshare17.rawmaterial18.capitalmarket19.foreign-exchangereserves20.bilateralpacts21.intellectualproperty22.freetrade23.（OPEC）24.hardcurrency25.consumergoods三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26.战略性储备27.服务贸易28.供应过剩29.清算协议30.利息付款31.特别提款权32.证券投资33.生产力34.合资企业35.技术转让全国2009年7月自考外刊经贸知识选读试题16.insurplus17.Comecon18.preferredstatus19.thestateapparatus20.productiveforces21.exclusivecontract22.state-runenterprises23.thewetmarket24.franchisee25.importquotasystem26.海关税27.易货贸易28.外汇储备29.优惠税率30.证券市场31.收盘价32.经纪业33.可兑换货币34.主要供应商35.汇率全国2009年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题16.vestedinterests17.wholesaler 8 18.ahermitnation19.buzzword20.insolvency21.taketitle22.marketregulation23.publictender24.countervailingduty25.consortium26．反通胀政策27．贸易制裁28．产地证明书29.市场动力30.转让人 31.现货市场 32.经常项目33.收盘价 34．出口配额制35．服务贸易全国自考2008年7月外刊经贸知识选读试题16.invisibleaccount17.SEZ18.softcommodity19.percapitaincome20.tradesanctions21.strategicstockpile22.managedtrade23.braintrust24.carbontax25.intellectualproperty26.试销市场27.外汇收入28.中央银行29.消费品30.高技术31.国内需求32.特别提款权33.强硬政策34.产地证明书35.补偿协议全国2008年4月自考外刊经贸知识选读真题16.fiscalpackages17.countervailingduty18.debtservice19.liquidassets20.goodresistance21.currentaccount22.cashcrops23.GNP24.deinflationarypolicy8 25.equivalentvalue26.市场份额27.供应短缺28.世界银行29.资本货物30.生产力31.国内需求32.外汇收入33.进口税34.有形贸易收支35.利润汇款全国2007年7月高等教育自学考试16.GATT17.portfolioinvestment18.debtrestructuring19.countervailingduty20.glutofsupplies21.barrier-freemarket22.invisibleaccount23.preferentialtaxrate24.economicheavyweight25.fledglingindustries26.中国出口商品交易会27.硬通货28.剩余劳动力29.试销30.直接投资31.资本货物32.国际收支33.强硬政策34.合资企业35.技术转让全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试16.most-favorednationtreatment17.tradesurplus18.hardcurrency19.mergerofbanks20.liquidassets21.ahermitnation22.tradenegotiation23.ataroughestimate24.ChineseExportCommoditiesFair25.foreignexchangereserves26.国民收入27.国际收支28.收盘价29.惩罚性进口关税30.证券投资31.商品市场32.自由市场（无壁垒市场）8 33.智囊团/顾问班子34.产地证明书35.对等价值全国2006年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题16.compensationagreement17.testmarket18.currencymovement19.security20.goodresistance21.toughpolicy22.imposeimport23.SpecialDrawingRight24.GNP(grossnationalproduct)25.percapitaincome26.最惠国待遇27.贸易顺差28.硬通货29.银行兼并30.易于变卖的资产31.闭关自守的国家32.贸易谈判33.据粗略估计34.中国出口商品交易会35.外汇储备全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试16.most-favorednationtreatment17.tradesurplus18.hardcurrency19.mergerofbanks20.liquidassets21.ahermitnation22.tradenegotiation23.ataroughestimate24.ChineseExportCommoditiesFair25.foreignexchangereserves26.独家经销合同27.经常项目28.清算协议29.人均收入30.无壁垒市场31.双重税32.房地产33.试销34.知识产权35.商业周期全国2005年7月高等教育自学考试16.countertrade17.meansofproduction8 18.surpluslabour19.debtrestructuring20.tradereprisal21.certificateoforigin22.currencyexchangesystem23.exclusivecontract24.foreignexchangeearnings25.primaryproducts26.货币市场27.利息付款28.试销29.新兴工业30.国内需求31.直接投资32.供应短缺33.大规模销售活动34.供求模式35.现货市场全国2005年4月高等教育自学考试16.unfairtrade17.exclusivecontract18.percapitaincome19.long-termstrategy20.GATT21.financialcrisis22.traderepresentative23.physicalmarket24.financialderegulation25.sovereigntydispute26.利息付款27.外商独资28.技术转让29.国内需求30.出口导向31.贸易差额32.产地证书33.期货市场34.市场份额35.进口税全国2004年7月高等教育自学考试16.visibletradeaccounts17.assemblymanufacturing18.cooperativeenterprises19.securitiesandrealestatemarket20.nominaldollarterms21.governmentprocurement22.fiscalpackages23.risk-weightedassets24.carbontax25.austerityprogram26.贴现率27.补偿贸易协定8 28.新兴工业29.贸易制裁30.无壁垒市场31.惩罚性进口关税32.外汇储备33.经常项目34.技术转让35.市场多样化全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试16.tradefairsandexhibitions17.preferentialtaxrate18.vestedinterests19.exportquota20.governmentprocurement21.Europeanintegration22.bilateralpacts23.countervailingduty24.fledglingindustries25.deinflationarypolicies26.国际收支27.经济特区28.高技术29.证券投资30.自由市场31.贸易壁垒32.供应过剩33.对等价值34.经济衰退35.贸易制裁全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试16.convertiblecurrency17.customsdutiesandtaxation18.goodinfrastructure19.deinflationarypolicy20.tradesanction21.atthesummitmeeting22.onaconservativeestimate23.pricehike24.self-sufficient25.liquidassets26,股票市场27.资本转移28.贸易歧视29.双边贸易30.欧洲大陆31.经常项目32.服务贸易33.双重税34.国有企业35.竞争优势全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试1.depression8 2.tradesurplus3.deflation4.bartertrade5.futuresmarket6.currentaccount7.budgtdeficit8.invisibletrade9.compensationtrade10.devaluation1.市场力量2.货币政策3.最惠国待遇4.世界贸易组织5.人具所得税6.商品市场7.服务贸易8.初级产品9.国际货币基金组织10.人均国内生产总值六、翻译题（本大题12分）52.InterestinimportsfromChinaishigh.TheChineseconsulate’scommercialsectioninDubaireportedacontinualstreamofvisitorsintherun-uptotheexhibitionfromcompanieswantingtodobusinessforthefirsttimewithChina.Morethan4,000Chinesetradersvisitedtheemiratesongovernmentandprivatemissionslastyear.Asaresultofthisactivity,China’sexportstotheUAEhavealmostdoubledfrom$279.5millionin1990to$522.7millionin1992,accordingtoChinesegovernmentstatistics.Dubai’sstatisticsshowthatChinawasthefifthlargestsupplierin1990.52.Theprimarymessageforpeoplewhoareinterestedtoinvestinthestockmarketisthattheyshouldignoremarkettimingandbuystocksforthelongterm.Thisstrategyissimpleandyeteffectivebecausestocksgivegoodreturnsoveralongperiodoftime.ThesimpleststrategyistheBuy—&—Holdstrategy.Onedoesnotneedtodoanythingnomatterwhathappensaftertheinitialinvestmentismade.Forexample,youhave$100andyouthendecidetokeep$60insavingsandusetheremaining$40tobuystocks.Whetherthestockmarketgoesupordown,youdonotuseyoursavingstobuymorestocksorsellstockstoputmoneybackintosavings.52.Consumerpricespostedtheirsmallestincreaseinmorethan50yearsin2008.Agovernmentreporttoday(Friday)saidthesaggingeconomyiskeepinginflationincheck,andslashingdemandforenergy.SeriousU.S.economicproblemsareatthetopofPresident-electBarackObama’sagendaashetriestorallypublicsupportforaplantostimulatetheeconomywithgovernmentspendingandtaxcuts.Mr.Obamahassaidhehopestocreatehalfamillionjobswithinvestmentsincleanenergyprojects.52.Inthemostrecenttalksaboutfarmtrade,Americahasshownanewwillingnesstocompromiseondetails,doubtlessreflectingGeorgeBush’sneedforaneconomicsuccesstoboastofinhiselectioncampaign.WhateverthemotiveaspiritofcompromisemakessenseforAmerica,sinceitstandstogainalotmorefromasuccessfulroundthananyothercountry.ButtheECcontinuestohesitate—becauseofFrance.Frenchfarmersareviolentlyopposedtothereformofthecommonagriculturalpolicy(CAP)thatEurope’sgovernmentsagreedtolastMay.52.ForSouthKoreaasawhole,thatseemsasmuchaprophecyasanambition.LikeJapaninthe1960s,thecountryispoisedforanassaultontheworld’sexportmarkets.Itssurging$81billioneconomyischurningoutafloodofincreasinglysophisticatedproducts,fromshoes,toysandtelephonestovideorecordersandmicroprocessors.Korea’smightyconglomeratesdominateMiddleEastconstruction,andtheycommandkeysharesoftheworld’sshipbuilding,textileandsteelindustries.52.ButsomeeconomistsstressedtherisksthatamoreaggressiveU.S.policyposes.C.FredBergsten,8 directoroftheInstituteforInternationalEconomistsandaprominentmemberofthefree-tradeestablishment,saidhesawlittleevidenceforastrategy,exceptfor“awillingnesstolistentoprotectionistappeals”fromtheautomobile,semiconductor,steelandenergyindustries,amongothers,andadesiretomollifytheseindustries’powerfulcongressionalprotectors.52.DuringthepastfewyearsamajorobjectiveoftheChineseauthoritieshasbeentoreducetheproportionofagriculturalexports,whileincreasingthatofindustrialandmineralproducts.AwidevarietyofindustrialgoodsarenowexportedandChinesecapitalequipmenthasbeenusedbyanumberofdevelopingcountriestoestablishprojectsinareassuchasagriculture,forestry,lightindustry,foodprocessing,waterconservationandtransportandcommunications.六Clearly,China’seconomyisaworkinprogress,nowherenearrealizingthepotentialofitsbillion-pluspopulation.Itsgrossdomesticproductlastyearwas,accordingtotheofficialmeasure,$420billion—nomorethanthatofsouthernCalifornia.Chinaremainsprimarilyanationoffarmers,andthetransitiontoanindustrialfreemarketismuchlikethetrafficonHighway204—unpredictable.Fewstate-ownedfirmshavebeensold,andmostarelaggardbehemoths.Growthisdrivenbynewjointventures,collectivesandprivatebusinesses,whichnowaccountformorethan50percentofChina’sindustrialproduction.VI.Now,someWesternexpertsarepredictingthatChinacouldbecometheworld’sdominanteconomyearlyinthe21stcentury.ManyeconomistsbelieveastandardestimateofChina’spercapitagrossnationalproduct($370)isalreadytwotothreetimestoolow.AndformerWorldBankchiefeconomistLarrySummersrecentlyarguedthatChinacouldsurpassbothJapanandtheUnitedStatestobecometheworld’slargesteconomyby2020.VI.Barterenduredforthousandsofyearsastheprimarymeansoftrade.Colonialpowersforcedbilateralbarterupontheirclientstates,makingthecoloniestakeexpensivemanufacturedgoodsinreturnforbargain-pricerawmaterials,andprohibitingthemfromtradingwithothernations.Internationaltradewassupposedtobefreedfrombartering’sconstraintsinJuly1944,whendiplomatsandeconomistsattendedtheUnitedNationsMonetaryandFinancialConferenceatBrettonWoods,NewHampshire.52.LastyearChina’stradesurplussurged,buoyedbyexportsoftoys,textilesandconsumerelectronics,ItstradesurpluswiththeUnitedStateshitarecord$18billion.OnlyJapan’swaslarger.WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChina’smost-favorednationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecouldsurpasshumanrightsasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.“ThetradesurplusitselfwillbetheNo.1problemthisyear,”saysoneChineseofficial.“AfterJapan,wewillbefirstinlineforretaliation.”Ⅵ.ThelocalArabicpresshasgivenfullcoveragetothecouncil’sdebatesandtoaseriesofinformalmajlisdiscussionsheldweeklyduringRamadan.Inthelatter,theissuesofyouthunemployment,drugs,theroleofwomenandthesizeoftheimmigrantpopulationwerefreelydiscussed.However,observerssayWestern-styledemocracyisnotonthepoliticalagendaasthemajlissystemenjoyslegitimacyandappearswell-suitedtothetribaltraditionsofGulfsociety.52.Butwhilethereasonsforthrowing19areasandcitiesopentoforeigninvestmentandtechnologytransferareclear,howthepreferentialsystemswilloperateisnot.Thisisduelargelytotheintensityofcompetitionamongthe19,coupledwiththeinexperienceofmostlocalauthoritiesbothinmakingdecisionsandindealingwiththeoutsideworld.However,thereareimportantdifferencesbetweentheSEZsandthecoastalcitiesandevenamongthecoastalcitiesthemselves.Ⅵ.Therelationshipbetweentradeandtheenvironmentisthethorniestofall.Thedifficultyfacingrule-makersisthis:thebenefitsoftradedependontheassumptionthatrelativepricesindifferentcountriesreflectdifferencesinfactorsofproduction,productivityandsoon.However,ifonefirmispollutingfreelywhileanotherbearsthecostofcleaningupitspollution,thenrelativecostswillfailtoreflectthesedifferences,andtradethatlooksdesirablemaynotbe.8
