1、直接引语和间接引语直接引语变间接引语是初中语法宾语从句的延续。同时学好这一语法项目也有助于高中的名词性从句语法的学习打好基础。I．从句子类型上进行分析。1.直接引语为陈述句。变成间接引语时，把陈述句变成由that引导的宾语从句。 She said : “I’ll come this morning.”She said that she would come that morning.2.直接引语为一般疑问句。变成间接引语时，要把一般疑问句变成由if或whether引导的宾语从句，同时将语序变成陈述语序。“Will you take care of me?”Chuck
2、, Wilson asks if you will take care of him.3.直接引语为特殊疑问句。变成间接引语时，要把特殊疑问句变成由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，同时将语序变成陈述语序。疑问词在句中作主语或作定语修饰主语时语序不变。 “Where did you spend your holiday ?” I asked her. I asked her where she had spent her holidays.4.直接引语为祈使句。变成间接引语时，要把祈使句的动词变成带to的不定式，同时根据语气选择适当的谓语动词，如ask, tell,
3、order等。句型为ask/tell/order sb to do sth 。主句中若有please 时，最好用ask表示。同时去掉please。否定的祈使句，要将don’t或never改为not to, never to5．直接引语为选择疑问句时，要使用whether。。。or。。。 “Will you accept or refuse the offer?” He wondered whether I would accept or refuse the offer.6．直接引语为感叹句时，可用感叹词what 或how 作引导词，语序不变；或者用that 作
4、引导词，句子用陈述语序。 “What an interesting story it is!” he said. He said what an interesting story it was. He said that it was an interesting story.II．注意事项：7．8变化：①said to somebody后加直接引语改为 asked somebody if told somebody that②人称代词：this—that these—those I-He—she me—him, her,③时间状语: no
5、w—then ago—before today—that day yesterday—the day before last week（month, year）—the week(month, year) beforetomorrow—the next day next week（month, year）—the next（month, year）week④地点状语: here--there⑤动词的变化: come—go bring-take⑥时态变化：do does—did Did—had done Have do
6、ne—had done Is doing—was doing Had done—had done Will do—would do8．直接引语如果是客观真理，名人名言或谚语或当时当地转述时，变间接引语时，时态不变。He said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”He said that where there is a will, there is a way.9．直接引语中如有明确的过去时间状语，则变间接引语时时态不变。Jack said, “I was bor
7、n in 1990.”--------Jack said that he was born in 1990.10.主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，变间接引语时，时态不变。Mary says, “Tom is a good boy.”-------Mary says that Tom is a good boy.11.直接引语有以when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变间接引语时状语从句中的一般过去时不变，但主句的谓动则要改为过去完成时。She said,“Jack told me all about his past when he was que
