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1、新视野三版读写B2U7TextAWomanatthemanagementlevel1WhenMonicaappliedforajobasanadministrativeassistantin1971,shewasaskedwhethershewouldratherworkforamaleorafemaleattorney."Iimmediatelysaidaman,"shesays."Ifeltthatamale-boss/female-employeerelationshipwas
2、morenatural,needingnopersonalaccommodationwhatsoever."But20yearslater,whenshewasaskedthesamequestion,shesaid,"Iwaspleasantlysurprisedthatfemalebossesaremuchmoreaccessibletotheiremployees;they'remuchmoresensitiveandintimatewiththeiremployees."2Femaleboss
3、estodayarestilfindingtheyfacesubtleresistance.Thereisstilasegmentofthepopulation,bothmenand,surprisingly,womenwhoreportlowtoleranceforfemalebosses.Thegrowingpresenceoffemalebosseshasalsoprovokedtwomajorquestionsthatrevolvearoundstyles:Domenandwomenmanag
4、edifferently,and,ifso,isthatagoodthing?3Monicaisdisposedtothinkso,onbothcounts.Nowa40-year-oldmotheroffour,sheispresidentofapublicsectorlaborunionwith45,000members."Relationswithmyemployeesareprobablydifferentfromthoseofmalemanagersprecedingme,"shesays.
5、"Iknowwhatit'sliketohavetocalandsaymykidgotthemumpssoIwon'tbecomingin.Ihaveamoreflexiblestyle—notsoft,justmoreunderstanding."ThemanwhoisMonica'sassistantagrees,"Shetendstodelegatemoreandisalwayslookingforaconsensus.Peoplearehappyandflourishbecausetheyha
6、veaninputintodecisionsandtheyarenotmerebystanders;theirenergiesareharnessed.Ontheotherhand,consensustakeslonger."4So,arethedifferencessymbolicorreal?Plausiblestudiessuggestthatmenaretypicalyhierarchical,goal-orientedandfeelentitled.Women,bycontrast,mana
7、gediplomaticaly,andsharepower.Thatpointofviewisoftenchalengedandargued.Someproclaimthatmenandwomenofsimilarbackgrounds,experienceandaspirationsbasicalymanageinthesameway.Thisviewisechoedbyyoungerwomen,especialythosewhohaveencounteredlittlegenderdiscrimi
8、nation.ThatwascertainlythelessonforNicole.Whenherfatherdiedofaheartattack,shewasanemployeeatapetroleumproductsexportcompany.Shequitandtookoverherfamily's160-acrefruitfarminSt.David'sCounty.Onherfirstdayinthefield,aworkercaledher"
