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1、From:TheAdaptedMind:ThePsychologicalFoundationsofCultureEvolutionarypsychologygeneration-ofcultureJOHNTOOBYANDLEDACOSMIDESJ.Barkow,L.Cosmides,1992.NewYork:OxfordINTRODUCTION:THEUNITYOFSCIENCEOneofthestrengthsofscientificinquiryisthatitcanprogresswithanymixtureofempiri-cism,intuition,an
2、dformaltheorythatsuitstheconvenienceoftheinvestigator.Manysci-encesdevelopforatimeasexercisesindescriptionandempiricalgeneralization.Onlylaterdotheyacquirereasonedconnectionswithinthemselvesandwithotherbranchesofknowl-edge.Manythingswerescientificallyknownofhumananatomyandthemotionsoft
3、heplan-etsbeforetheywerescientificallyexplained.-GEORGEWILLIAMS,AdaptationandNaturalSelectionDisciplinessuchasastronomy,chemistry,physics,geology,andbiologyhavedevel-opedarobustcombinationoflogicalcoherence,causaldescription,explanatorypower,andtestability,andhavebecomeexamplesofhowrel
4、iableanddeeplysatisfy-inghumanknowledgecanbecome.Theirextraordinaryflorescencethroughoutthiscenturyhasresultedinfarmorethanjustindividualprogresswithineachfield.Thesedisciplinesarebecomingintegratedintoanincreasinglyseamlesssystemofintercon-nectedknowledgeandremainnominallyseparatedmor
5、eoutofeducationalconve-nienceandinstitutionalinertiathanbecauseofanygenuinerupturesintheunderlyingunityoftheachievedknowledge.Infact,thisdevelopmentisonlyanaccelerationoftheprocessofconceptualunificationthathasbeenbuildinginsciencesincetheRenaissance.Forexample,GalileoandNewtonbrokedow
6、nthethenrigid(andnowforgotten)divisionbetweenthecelestialandtheterrestrial-twodomainsthatfor-merlyhadbeenconsideredmetaphysicallyseparate-showingthatthesameprocessesandprinciplesappliedtoboth.Lye11brokedownthedistinctionbetweenthestaticpresentandtheformativepast,betweenthecreativeproce
7、ssesoperatinginthepresentandthegeologicalprocessesthathadoperatedacrossdeeptimetosculpttheearth.Maxwelluncoveredtheelegantprinciplesthatunifiedthemanydisparateelectricalandmagneticphenomenaintoasinglesystem.And,onebyone,themanygulfsseparatinglifefromnonlifewerebridgedandthenclosed:Ha
