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1、药理学中重要名词解释（Explanationofimportantnounsinpharmacology）Drugeffectdynamics,alsoknownaspharmacodynamics,studiestheeffectsandmechanismsofdrugsontheorganism.Pharmacokinetics,alsocalledpharmacokinetics,studiesthechangesandlawsofdrugsundertheinfluenceoftheorganism.Absorpt
2、ion:theprocessbywhichadrugentersthebloodstreamthroughamembranebarriercomposedofcellspassingfromthesiteofadministration.PKavalue:thenegativevalueofthedissociationconstant;thepHvalueofaweaklybasicorweaklyacidicdrugionizedat50%insolution.Ionbarrier:nonionicdrugscanfr
3、eelypenetratethecellmembrane,whileionicdrugsarerestrictedtoonesideofthecellmembraneandaredifficulttocrossthecellmembrane.Thisphenomenoniscalledionbarrier.Eliminationofthefirstpass:afteroralabsorption,thedrugenterstheliverthroughtheportalveintotransform,soastoreduc
4、etheamountofsystemiccirculation.Distribution:theprocessbywhichdrugsareabsorbedandtransportedtotissuesthroughoutthecirculation.Agingcurve:acurveshowingtheeffectofadrugovertime.Plasmahalf-life:bloodconcentrationdecreasedbyhalfofthetime(t1/2).Bioavailability:-referst
5、otherelativevolumeandvelocityabsorbedintothebodycirculationafterremovaloftheliver'sfirstpass.F=A/D,Drepresentsthedosage,andAindicatesthedosetoenterthesystemiccirculation.Absoluteoralbioavailability:theratioofextravascularadministrationofAUCtoAUCafterintravenousinj
6、ection.Therelativebioavailabilityofdrugdosageforms,theabsorptionrateofF=reagent,AUC/standardAUCcanbeusedasmedicine,drugqualityindexappraisal.Zeroordereliminationkinetics:whenthedruginthebodytoomuch,thebodywithitsmaximumabilitytoeliminatedrugs,eliminationratehasnot
7、hingtodowiththeC0,itwasataconstantspeed(alsoknownasquantitativeeasing);plasmahalf-lifeisnotfixed,whenthebloodconcentrationdecreasedtobelowthemaximumeliminationcapacity,accordingtoafirst-orderelimination.Firstorderkineticswithaconstantdrugeliminationratio,perunitti
8、metoeliminatethedosedecreasewithtime,drughalf-lifehasnothingtodowiththelevelofconcentrationisconstant,adrugafterdrug,after5t1/2invivohasbeenbasicallyeli
