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1、Subject–VerbConcord(1)LectureTwoGenerallyspeaking,thegrammaticalprincipleappliestoformalEnglish;ontheotherhand,thenotionalprincipleandtheprincipleofproximity,playanauxiliaryroleinsupportingthegrammaticalprincipleininformalEnglish.2.1GuidingprinciplesThesubject-verbconcordreferstotheagreement
2、betweensubjectandpredicateverbinnumber(thenumberconcordbetweensubjectandverb).Therearethreeprinciplesguidingsubject-verbconcord:grammaticalconcord,notionalconcordandproximity.1)GrammaticalconcordTheprincipleofgrammaticalconcordreferstotherulethattheverbmustmatchitssubjectinnumber.Ifthesubjec
3、tisplural,theverbshouldtakethepluralform;if,ontheotherhand,thesubjectissingularorisamassnoun,theverbshouldtakethesingularform.e.g.:Everymanhashisfaults.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.PeterandBobaredeadlyrivals.Talltreescatchmuchwind.Timeflies.Badnewshaswings.2)NotionalconcordTheprincipleofnoti
4、onalconcordreferstotherulethattheverbcansometimesagreewiththesubjectaccordingtothenotionofnumber.e.g.:Fiveminutesisleft.Twomilesseemslikealongwaytome.Amillionpoundswasspentonthisproject.Itwastoolate,buttheaudiencewasincreasing.Theaudiencewereallmovedtotears.Hisfamilyisagreatone.Hisfamilyaref
5、atandshort.类似用法的名词:class,team,government,committee,crowd,crew,army,club,party,public,group,band,jury,orchestra,council,等。3)ProximityItdenotesagreementoftheverbwithacloselypreced-ingNPinpreferencetoagreementwiththeheadoftheNPthatfunctionsassubject.e.g.:EitheryouorIammad.Notonlyhischildrenbuth
6、ehimselfishopingtobethere.Notyoubutyourfatheristoblame.(类似的其它连接词:neither…nor,whether…or,or,等。)Thereisaneraser,apairofcompasses,andoneruleronthedesk.Hereisapen,afewenvelopsandsomepaperforyou.Ontheleftofeachpersonisafork,aplateandatable-napkin.(在倒装句中,谓语与后面第一个主语保持一致)这种受临近词影响的情况在现代英语中越来越多:(1)Isy
7、oursisterandherhusbandcomingtojoinus?(2)Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?(3)Oneintenareexpectedtotakepartinthecontest.(4)Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagreewithhim.(5)Dr.Blacktogetherwithhiscrewaregoingtostayintheobservationstationforaw
