influence of vehicle population on atmospheric levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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1、Influenceofvehiclepopulationonatmosphericlevelsofcarcinogenicpolycyclicaromatichydrocarbons¡¾ÕªÒª¡¿¡¡¡¡Applicationofthelinearregressionbetweenvehicletypes/numbersandPAHcontents(Particle+Vapor)withinaradiusof60and300milescanbeemployedtoassesstheimpactoflongrangeatmospherictransp

2、ortation(LRAT)tothelevelofPAHsintheruralatmosphereofWhitbourne,UK.Ingeneral,higherRª²valuescoupledwithlowerPª²valueswerefoundinthosesampleswithinaradiusof300miles,whereaslowerRª²valuesweredetectedinthosesampleswithinaradiusof60miles.Rª²valuesofPAHconcentrationsvs.allvehiclenumb

3、erswithinradiusof300milesrangedfrom0.51to0.92withthearithmeticmeanof0.75¡À0.12,whilstthoseRª²valueswithinaradiusof60milesrangedfrom0.05to0.61withthearithmeticmeanof0.11¡À0.28.ThissupportsthehypothesisthatPAHsinWhitbourneundergoLRAT.¡¾¹Ø¼ü´Ê¡¿Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons;Linea

4、rregression;Vehicletypesandnumbers;Whitbourne¡¡¡¡INTRODUCTION21Polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons(PAHs)hasbeenwidelyacknowledgedasubiquitouscarcinogenicintheatmosphericenvironment,generallycontainingtwotoeightbenzeneringsandcanbeproducedinnatural(i.e.volcaniceruptions,forestfires)a

5、ndanthropogenic(i.e.trafficemissions,industrialactivities,aluminiumproduction,domesticheatingandtobaccosmoking)processes(Harvey1991;Menzieetal1992;MastralandCall¨¦n2000;Sandersonetal2000;Korenagaetal2001;Ohuraetal2004;Repaceetal2004).PAHsweredetectedinawiderangeofenvironmentalc

6、ompartmentsinremoteareassuchastheArticasconsequencesofagriculturalpractice,accidentalspillageanduncontrolledreleaseofindustrialeffluents(Halsalletal1994and2000;D¢‰rretal1996)andexistmainlyinthevaporphase.Therefore,theyhaveatmosphericlifetimesthatarerelativelyshort,ontheorderofh

7、oursordays(Brubakeretal1998;Atkinsonetal1994).IfthemajorsourceofPAHsinurbanairisanthropogenicemission,onemightassumethattheatmosphericPAHlevelswouldpositivelycorrelatewithlocalhumanpopulation(Hafneretal2005).¡¡¡¡Variousresearcheffortshavenotedsucha21relationshipbetweenhumanpopu

8、lationsandatmosphericconcentrationsofPAHs(Dannetal1998