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1、MogaoCavesMogaoCavesorMogaoGrottoesiscommonlyknownasThousandBuddhasCave.ItislocatedinDunhuangwhichisinthewestofGansuCorridor,anoasisstrategicallylocatedatareligiousandculturalcrossroadsontheSilkRoad.MogaoCavesisfamouswithitselegantmuralsandstatuesaro
2、undtheworld.Itisthenationkeyculturalrelicpreservationorgan.MogaoCaveshasahistoryofmorethan1600years.Althoughitisattackedanddamagedbythenatureorpeopleinalonglongtime,MogaoCavesstillowns492caves,2415bodysculpture,themuralsofmorethan45000squaremeters,5t
3、imberworkbuildingsofTangandSongDynastyfromtheNorthernWeiDynasty,thelateXiWei,NorthernZhou,NorthernQi,SuiandTangDynasty,FiveDynasties,SongDynasty,Xixia,YuanDynasty,etc.Thefirstcavesweredugout366ADasplacesofBuddhistmeditationandworship.[2]TheMogaoCaves
4、arethebestknownoftheChineseBuddhistgrottoesand,alongwithLongmenGrottoesandYungangGrottoes,areoneofthethreefamousancientBuddhistsculpturalsitesofChina.HistoryInordertoprotectagainsttheXiongnu,theHanDynastyEmperorWudisetupDunhuangasafrontiergarrisonout
5、postin111BC.ItalsobecameanimportantgatewaytotheWest,acentreofcommercealongtheSilkRoad,aswellasameetingplaceofvariouspeopleandreligionssuchasBuddhism.TheconstructionoftheMogaoCavesnearDunhuangcandatebacktothefourthcenturyAD.Inthefirstplace,thecavesser
6、vedonlyasaplaceofmeditationforhermitmonks,butdevelopedtoservethemonasteriesthatsprungupnearbyintheearlyperiods,andbytheSuiandTangdynasties,MogaoCaveshadbecomeaplaceofworshipandpilgrimageforthepublic.DuringtheTangDynasty,alargenumberofthecaveswerecons
7、tructedatMogaointhatDunhuanghadbecamethemainhubofcommerceoftheSilkRoadandamajorreligiouscentre.TherearethetwolargestatuesofBuddhaatthesite,thelargestoneconstructedin695followinganedictayearearlierbyTangEmpressWuZetiantobuildgiantstatuesacrossthecount
8、ry.AfterthecataclysmicAnShiRebellion,DunhuangwasoccupiedbyTibetanregimeinancientChinaandvoluntaryarmy,butitaffectslittle.AftertheTangDynasty,thesitewentintoagradualdecline,andconstructionofnewcavesceasedentirelyaftertheYuanDynasty.Intheearly1900s,aCh
