化工设备机械基础试题库（chemical equipment, machinery foundation, test question bank）

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化工设备机械基础试题库（Chemicalequipment,machineryfoundation,testquestionbank）Chemicalequipment,machineryfoundation,testquestionbankFillintheblanksFundamentalsofmechanics1.undertheactionofexternalforce,thebasicformofdeformationofthememberisaxialtension,compression,shear,torsionandbending.2.,asfarastheexternalforceisconcerned,thedifferencebetweentheshearstraightrodandthebentbeamisthattheshearlineisveryclosetotheouterforce,andthelineisfarfromthebendingandlateralforceactingonthetwolines.3.fromtheengineeringsense,thedestructionofthematerialcanbedividedintotwocategories,oneisbrittlefracture,thefirstorthetwostrengththeorytoexplainthereasonofthedamage;theotherisyielddamage,shouldusethirdorfourstrengththeorytoexplainthecauseofitsfailure.Commonmaterialsandanticorrosionofchemicalequipment4.carbonsteelandcastironareferrousplasticmaterials,whilecastironisatypicalbrittlematerial.Alloyswithcarbon,buttheyhaveverydistinctperformancedifferences,andlowcarbonsteelsaretypical 5.carbonsteelandcastironarealloysofironandcarbon.Ingeneral,theperformanceofsteelelementsisharmfulsulfurandphosphorus,theharmfulroleinsulfurmainlymakethesteelhotshort,makethesteelcoldbrittleP.6.carbonsteelandcastironinthemainchemicalelements,inadditiontoiron,aswellascarbon2.11%whencarbonsteel;ifthecompositionofthealloycarboncontentgreaterthan2.11%iscastiron.Ifthecompositionofthealloyislessthanthecarboncontent7.intermsofcarboncontentofsteel,themaindifferencebetweenmakingpressurevesselsteelandmakingmachinepartssteelistomakecontainersmadeoflowcarbonsteelandtomakemediumcarbonsteelsformachineparts.Themainreasonisthatthelowcarbonsteelhasgoodplasticityandweldability,andthemediumcarbonsteelcanimproveitscomprehensivemechanicalpropertiesbyquenchingandtempering.Filmtheory8.fromthestresspointofview,thesamethickness,internaldiameterandinternalpressurearethesameasthesphericalcontainer,whichissuperiortothecylindricaladjective.Thetwodirectionsarethesameasthecircumferentialstress,whilethecircumferential(circumferential)2times.Thecylindricalcontainerisasphericalvesselwithdifferentstresses9.theconicalshellwithgaspressureincreasesthefilmstressontheshellwiththeincreaseofthedistancefromthecone top,thestressatthetopoftheconeiszero,andthemaximumstressisatthebottomofthecone.10.,theratioofthelengthoftheellipticalheadtothelengthoftheminoraxisisequalto2.Themaximumtensilestressoftheheadisattheapexoftheellipticalshell,andthemaximumcompressivestressislocatedattheequatoroftheshell.11.themaximumtensilestressofthestandardellipticalheadislocatedattheapexoftheellipticalshell,andthemaximumcompressivestressattheequatoroftheshellappears.Theabsolutevalueisequaltothemaximumtensilestress.12.,thetwobasiccharacteristicsofedgestressarelocalandselflimiting.13.theconnectionpointbetweentheconicalshellandthecylindricalshellatAisthefirstprincipalcurvatureradiusoftheconicalshell,andtheradiusofthesecondprincipalcurvatureis.TheradiusofthefirstprincipalcurvatureoftheBpointatthetopoftheconeissecond,andtheradiusoftheprincipalcurvatureis.Pressurevesseldesign14.,thenationalstandardofsteelpressurevesselinourcountryisGB150-1998steelpressurevessel.15.,thenationalstandardforsteelpressurevesseldesignin ourcountryfollowsthenameofsteelpressurevesselGB150-1998.Thestandardnumberis16.forpressurevesselshellwithweldedsteel,withitsdiameterasthenominaldiameter,ifthepressurevesselcylinderisaseamlesssteelpipefordirectinterceptionofthespecifieddiametersteelpipeasthenominaldiameter.Thenominal17.rolledsteelvesseldiameteristhediameterandnominaldiameterofthepipeiscontainermakingitsdiameter;thenominalpipediameteristheinnerdiameterofthepipeortheouterdiameterofpipes,anumericalbutcorrespondstothepipediameterofthe.18.shellformingafterexcludingtheminimumthicknessofthecorrosionallowance,forcarbonsteel,lowalloysteelpressurevessel,notlessthan3mm;2mmisnotlessthanforhighalloysteelsforpressurevessels.19.corrosionofmetalmaterialscanbedividedintouniformcorrosionandnon-uniformcorrosionaccordingtotheformofdamage.Uniformcorrosionisconsideredinthedesignphaseofthecontainerandthecorrosionmargincanbeconsideredtoensurethestrengthofthevessel.20.calculationdesignpressurePc,pressureP,pressureoffPkmaximumworkingpressurePwandsafetyvalve,therelationshipbetweenthefourshouldbePc=P=Pk=Pw.21.designpressureisP,themaximumworkingpressureofPw,Pkoffthepressuresafetyvalveandthemaximumpermissible workingpressureof[P],therelationshipbetweenthefouris[P]=P=Pk=Pw.Themainpressureelements22.pressurevesselpressurevesselcylinderhead(cover),flange,manhole,manholenozzleopeningreinforcementring,flange,tubeplateofaheatexchangerandheatpipe,expansionjoint,M36equipmentmainbolts,nominaldiametergreaterthan250mmpipeandpipeflangeetc..(choose5)Twenty-threeThemechanicaldesignofpressurevesselpartsshallmeettherequirementsofstrength,rigidity,stability,durability,airtightness,materialsavingandeaseofmanufacture,transportation,installation,operationandmaintenance.(choose5)24.steelcylindricalcontainerDi=2000mm,internalpressureP=0.2Mpa,material[Sigma]t=113Mpa,Phi=1,thenthecontainer'sminimumwallthicknessofdeltaminshouldbe3mm.25.thethicknessofthevesselshellmarkedonthedrawingsreferstothenominalthicknessofdeltan,thethicknessthatcanbeusedtowithstandthepressureofthemedium,andtheeffectivethicknessise.Standardpartsselection26.pressurevesselflangehasaflatandBflatwelding,weldingneckstructureofthreetypes. 27.pressurevesselopeningreinforcementstructureofmainreinforcement,thickwallpipereinforcement,thewholeforgingreinforcementthree.28.,themiddleandlowpressureflangesealingsurfaceformsarecommonlyusedinflat,concaveandconvex,tongueandgroovetypethree.Thepressurerangeof29.MVcontaineris1.6MPa=P<10Mpa.Two.Answerthefollowingquestions1.whatisthedifferencebetweenthestiffeningringandthestiffeningring?Thestiffeningringisusedtoshortenthecalculationlengthoftheexternalpressurevessel,andtoimprovetheantidestabilizationabilityoftheexternalpressurevesselAholePuqiang,lowernozzlestressconcentrationcoefficient.2.standardellipticalheadunderinternalpressurebythedeltae=0.15%Di,why?Whenthestandardellipticalheadissubjectedtointernalpressure,itproducesthecircumferentialcompressionfilmstressattheequator,suchasthethicknessoftheheadistoothin,theheadmaybesqueezedoutattheequator,andtheinstabilityoccurs.Inordertoavoidtheoccurrenceofinstability,theprovisionsofthedeltae=0.15%Di. 3.whatisthephenomenonofhightemperaturecreepofmetalmaterials?Whenthemetalmaterialisinhightemperature,undercertainstress,thestrainincreaseswithtime,andgraduallyproducesplasticdeformation.Whatistheprincipleof4.equalareareinforcementmethod?Inthetheoryofsectionalareaofbearingshelleffectivereinforcementrangeofthemetalreinforcingeffectisequaltothecross-sectionalareaofholesorheavyraincutrequired.5.whatisintergranularcorrosionof"18-8"steel?"18-8"steelat450DEG-850DEGshort-timeheating,intergranularCreactwithCr,andtheCrgrainstoolatetograinboundarydiffusion,grainboundariesbecome"poorCr",itscontentislowerthanthepassivationrequiredminimumCrcontent(12.5%),resultinginthecorrosivemedium,grainboundarywhereisthecorrosion.Thisphenomenoniscalledintergranularcorrosionof"18-8"steel.6.usingthebendingstressdistributionandexplainwhythecrosssectionalarea,thehighbeamofrectangularsectionbeamismorereasonablethanChengwan?Thebendingstressalongtheheightofthelineardistributionofthecrosssection,theneutralaxisofeachpointonthenormalstressiszero,thedistancefromtheneutralstressis bigger,inthepremiseofcrosssectionalarea,highundertheI-beamandrectangularsectionbeamcomparedtometalliccross-sectionalareaneartheneutralaxisissmall,andthemetalcuttingtheareafarawayfromtheneutralaxis.ThereforeIbeamofrectangularsectionbeamismorereasonablethanChengwan.Three,judgeandexplainthereason1.thethicknessofthecontainermarkedonthedrawingsreferstothenominalthicknessofdeltan,whichcanbeusedasthethicknesstobearthepressureofthemedium.Thefirsthalfisright,butthesecondhalfiswrong.Dependingonthethicknessofthemediumtosustainthepressure,theeffectivethicknessise.2.,thesamenominaldiameterandnominalpressureofthestandardflange,materialisdifferent,thesizeoftheflangeisdifferent,buttheactualbearingcapacityoftheflangeunchanged.Incorrect。Theflangesizeisthesamewhilethebearingcapacitychanges.3.inthedesignofmediumandlowpressurevessel,thehemisphericalheadisoftenchosenasthebestconvexheadbecauseofitsgoodforcecondition.Incorrect。Althoughthesphericalheadforceisbest,butbecauseofmanufacturingdifficultiesforlargepressure vesselheadandhighpressuretank:andinthedesignoflowvoltagereactor,usuallyusedisthestandardellipticalhead,theforceissmallerthanthesphericalheadisgood,butbetterthanthatofdishedhead,manufacturingisdishtheheadisdifficult,buteasytosphericalhead.4.becausethesizeoftheheadcannotbetoomuch,thediameterofthepressurevesselshellmustbeselectedaccordingtoacertainseriesofnominaldiameter,ratherthansimplydeterminedbythechemicalprocessrequirements.Yes。Becausetheheadisastandardcomponent,thestructuresizeisstandardizedaccordingtothenominaldiameterseries,andthecontainerisweldedwithorconnectedwiththeequipmentflange.Theheadandcylinderofthesamenominaldiameterseriescanbebutted.Therefore,thediameterofthepressurevesselshellmustbeselectedaccordingtoacertainnominaldiameterseries,ratherthansimplydeterminedbythechemicalprocessrequirements.Four.Fillintheblanks1.planegeneralforcesystemsimplifiedresultsmaybe().Theresultantforceisnotzero,andtheresultantmomentiszero.Theresultantforceiszeroandtheresultanttorqueisnotzero.Theresultantforceiszero,andtheresultantdipolemomentiszero.Theresultantforceisnotzero,andtheresultantmomentisnotzero. 2.throughthesimpletensiletestofmetalmaterials,themechanicalpropertiesofthematerialcanbeobtained.TheeofthedsandthePSIsigmasigmaBAK3.canbeusedforthemanufactureofpressurevesselssteelplatefollowingthe().0Cr18Ni9Ti,II.20R,Q235-B,45,16MnR4.themaximumstressoftheellipsoidalhead,whichissubjectedtotheinternalpressureofthegas,occurson().Apex,equator,middlepart,uncertainty6.pressurevesseldesigntemperaturerefersto.Mediumtemperature,ambienttemperatureandwalltemperature7.,thewaytoimprovetheantibucklingabilityoftheexternalpressurevesselis().SelecthighstrengthsteelandincreasetherelativewallthicknessofthevesselPreparereinforcingringNominaldiameterof8.pipeflangemeans().Theinnerdiameterofthepipe,theouterdiameterofthepipe, themiddlediameterofthepipeandthenominaldiameterofthepipe9.themaximumoperatingpressureofavesselundernormaloperatingconditionsis().ThemaximumworkingpressureatthetopofthecontainerThepressureatthebottomofthecontainerplusthehydrostaticpressureoftheliquidcolumnThemaximumworkingpressurethatmayoccuratthebottomofthevessel10.forhorizontalcontainersaddlesupport,iftheheadtangentandthecenterlineofthedistanceisa,thedistancebetweenthetangentoftheheadisl,theouterdiameterofthecontainerisd0,thenashouldmeettheconditionsfor().A=0.2La=0.25La234a=0.25d0=0.5d0