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1、化工设备机械基础题库（Chemicalequipment;mechanicalfoundation;testbank）FillintheblanksFundamentalsofmechanics1.undertheactionofexternalforce,thebasicformofdeformationofthememberisaxialtension,compression,shear,torsionandbending.2.,asfarastheexternalforceisconcerned,thediffere
2、ncebetweentheshearstraightrodandthebentbeamisthattheshearlineisveryclosetotheouterforce,andthelineisfarfromthebendingandlateralforceactingonthetwolines.3.fromtheengineeringsense,thedestructionofthematerialcanbedividedintotwocategories,oneisbrittlefracture,thefirst
3、orthetwostrengththeorytoexplainthereasonofthedamage;theotherisyielddamage,shouldusethirdorfourstrengththeorytoexplainthecauseofitsfailure.4.carbonsteelandcastironareferrousplasticmaterials,whilecastironisatypicalbrittlematerial.Alloyswithcarbon,buttheyhaveverydist
4、inctperformancedifferences,andlowcarbonsteelsaretypical5.carbonsteelandcastironarealloysofironandcarbon.Ingeneral,theperformanceofsteelelementsisharmfulsulfurandphosphorus,theharmfulroleinsulfurmainlymakethesteelhotshort,makethesteelcoldbrittleP.6.carbonsteelandca
5、stironinthemainchemicalelements,inadditiontoiron,aswellascarbon2.11%whencarbonsteel;ifthecompositionofthealloycarboncontentgreaterthan2.11%iscastiron.Ifthecompositionofthealloyislessthanthecarboncontent7.intermsofcarboncontentofsteel,themaindifferencebetweenmaking
6、pressurevesselsteelandmakingmachinepartssteelistomakecontainersmadeoflowcarbonsteelandtomakemediumcarbonsteelsformachineparts.Themainreasonisthatthelowcarbonsteelhasgoodplasticityandweldability,andthemediumcarbonsteelcanimproveitscomprehensivemechanicalpropertiesb
7、yquenchingandtempering.8.fromthestresspointofview,thesamethickness,internaldiameterandinternalpressurearethesameasthesphericalcontainer,whichissuperiortothecylindricaladjective.Thetwodirectionsarethesameasthecircumferentialstress,whilethecircumferential(circumfere
8、ntial)2times.Thecylindricalcontainerisasphericalvesselwithdifferentstresses9.theconicalshellwithgaspressureincreasesthefilmstressontheshellwiththeincrea
