美国文学选读复习手册

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1、美国文学选读复习资料浪漫主义AmericanRomanticismTheRomanticPeriodstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.ItisaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature.ThesocialandculturalbackgroundofRomanticismTheyoungRepublicwasflourishingintoapolitically

2、,economicallyandculturallyindependentcountry.TheRomanticwritingsrevealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownintheirworksandtheygrewonthenativelands.ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature.TheAmericanPu

3、ritanismasaculturalheritageexertedgreatinfluencesoverAmericanmoralvalues.爱默生Emerson=ThechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism超验主义HewasadescendentofalonglineofNewEnglandclergymen牧师【pastor】.AmericanTranscendentalismAsaphilosophicalandliterarymovemen

4、t,AmericanTranscendentalism(alsoknownas“AmericanRenaissance”)flourshedinNewEnglandfromthe1830stotheCivilWar.ItisthehightideofAmericanromanticismanditsdoctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesinEmersonandThoreau.Transcendentalistsspokefortheculturalr

5、ejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.Transcendentalism超验主义(+H.D.Thoreau;NathanielHawthorne;)ThemajorfeaturesofTranscendentalism:①TheTranscendentalistsplacedemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.思想超灵宇宙②TheTr

6、anscendentalistsstressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.Tothem,theindividualisthemostimportantelementofSociety.个体+社会③TheTranscendentalistsofferedafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.Naturewasnotpurelymatter.Itwasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhel

7、mingpresence.自然+上帝Emerson’s代表作：Nature；Self-Reliance；TheAmericanScholar；TheOver-soul；H.D.Thoreau梭罗andhisworkWalden瓦尔登湖notonlyfullydemonstratesEmersonianideasofself-reliancebutalsodevelopsandtestsThoreau’sowntranscendentalphilosophy.HenryWadsworthLongfel

8、low朗费罗FeaturesofLongfellow’spoeticworkslChiefromantictendenciesashumanitarianattitude,loveofnatureandloveofbeauty.lThefirstAmericanpoettowritenarrativepoems.lConventionalstyleandsubjectslGenerallysimpleideasexpressedmusicallyandpowerful