美国文学选读复习资料

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1、浪漫主义AmericanRomanticismTheRomanticPeriodstretchesfrom theendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.ItisaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature.ThesocialandculturalbackgroundofRomanticismTheyoungRepublicwas flourishing intoapolitically,economicallyandculturallyind

2、ependentcountry.TheRomanticwritingsrevealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownintheirworksandtheygrewonthenativelands.The desireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature.TheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritageexertedgreatinfluenceso

3、verAmericanmoralvalues.                                                                                          爱默生Emerson= ThechiefspokesmanofNewEngland Transcendentalism 超验主义HewasadescendentofalonglineofNewEngland clergymen牧师【pastor】. AmericanTranscendentalism     Asaphi

4、losophicalandliterarymovement,AmericanTranscendentalism(alsoknownas“ AmericanRenaissance”)flourshedinNewEngland fromthe1830stotheCivilWar.ItisthehightideofAmericanromanticismanditsdoctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesin EmersonandThoreau. Transcendentalistsspokeforth

5、eculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.Transcendentalism 超验主义(+H.D.Thoreau;NathanielHawthorne;)ThemajorfeaturesofTranscendentalism:①TheTranscendentalistsplaced emphasisonspirit, orthe Oversoul, asthemostimportantthinginthe universe.思想超灵宇宙②TheTranscen

6、dentalistsstressedthe importanceoftheindividual. Tothem,the individualisthemostimportantelementofSociety.个体+社会③TheTranscendentalistsofferedafresh perceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.Naturewasnotpurelymatter.Itwasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpresence.自然+上帝 Emers

7、on’s代表作：Nature；Self-Reliance；TheAmericanScholar；TheOver-soul； H.D.Thoreau 梭罗andhisworkWalden 瓦尔登湖notonlyfullydemonstratesEmersonianideasofself-reliancebutalsodevelopsandtestsThoreau’sowntranscendentalphilosophy. HenryWadsworthLongfellow 朗费罗FeaturesofLongfellow’spoeticworksl

8、Chiefromantictendenciesashumanitarianattitude,loveofnatureandloveofbeauty.lThefirs