美国文学选读复习手册

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1、美国文学选读复习资料浪漫主义AmericanRomanticismTheRomanticPeriodstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturytotheoutbreakoftheCivilWar.ItisaperiodofthegreatfloweringofAmericanliterature.ThesocialandculturalbackgroundofRomanticismTheyoungRepublicwasflourishingintoapolitically,economicallyandc

2、ulturallyindependentcountry.TheRomanticwritingsrevealeduniquecharacteristicsoftheirownintheirworksandtheygrewonthenativelands.ThedesireforanescapefromsocietyandareturntonaturebecameapermanentconventionofAmericanliterature.TheAmericanPuritanismasaculturalheritageexerted

3、greatinfluencesoverAmericanmoralvalues.爱默生Emerson=ThechiefspokesmanofNewEnglandTranscendentalism超验主义HewasadescendentofalonglineofNewEnglandclergymen牧师【pastor】.AmericanTranscendentalismAsaphilosophicalandliterarymovement,AmericanTranscendentalism(alsoknownas“AmericanRen

4、aissance”)flourshedinNewEnglandfromthe1830stotheCivilWar.ItisthehightideofAmericanromanticismanditsdoctrinesfoundtheirgreatestliteraryadvocatesinEmersonandThoreau.TranscendentalistsspokefortheculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.Transcendentali

5、sm超验主义(+H.D.Thoreau;NathanielHawthorne;)ThemajorfeaturesofTranscendentalism:①TheTranscendentalistsplacedemphasisonspirit,ortheOversoul,asthemostimportantthingintheuniverse.思想超灵宇宙②TheTranscendentalistsstressedtheimportanceoftheindividual.Tothem,theindividualisthemostimp

6、ortantelementofSociety.个体+社会③TheTranscendentalistsofferedafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.Naturewasnotpurelymatter.Itwasalive,filledwithGod’soverwhelmingpresence.自然+上帝Emerson’s代表作：Nature；Self-Reliance；TheAmericanScholar；TheOver-soul；H.D.Thoreau梭罗andhi

7、sworkWalden瓦尔登湖notonlyfullydemonstratesEmersonianideasofself-reliancebutalsodevelopsandtestsThoreau’sowntranscendentalphilosophy.HenryWadsworthLongfellow朗费罗FeaturesofLongfellow’spoeticworkslChiefromantictendenciesashumanitarianattitude,loveofnatureandloveofbeauty.lThef

8、irstAmericanpoettowritenarrativepoems.lConventionalstyleandsubjectslGenerallysimpleideasexpressedmusicallyandpowerful