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1、保靖黄金红茶发酵工艺研究谭婷1,周颖1,高静1,田娜1,禹利君1*,刘姝娟2*1.湖南农业大学园艺园林学院茶学系,茶学教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙4101282.湖南省农业科学院茶叶研究所,湖南长沙410125摘要:为获得保靖黄金红茶最优加工工艺,本研究以保靖黄金茶群体品种一芽二、三叶为原料,利用红茶自动发酵机对揉捻叶在28℃进行不同发酵时间、不同湿度保护等发酵处理,对获得的工夫红茶成品进行感官审评及儿茶素、茶黄素含量分析,研究结果表明:当发酵时间小于4小时,发酵未达最佳发酵水平,成茶样品中儿茶素向茶黄素的转化趋势不明显;当发酵时间增加
2、到4小时后,儿茶素向茶黄素转化趋势明显;其中感官审评得分最高的9号茶样盖布保湿发酵240min,其茶汤颜色红匀度明亮、口感醇厚;儿茶素、茶黄素的含量分别为38.6504mg/g、10.494mg/g。所有茶样发酵进程中进行湿纱布覆盖保湿处理,其茶黄素含量均较未盖布处理茶样显著增加,其茶汤亮度明显较亮,滋味更加浓厚。关键词:黄金红茶;发酵处理;儿茶素;茶黄素;品质ResearchesonFermentationTechnologyofHuangjinBlackTeaTANTing1,ZHOUYing1,GAOJing1TIANNa1,Y
3、ULi-jun1*,LIUShu-juan2*1.KeyLabofTeaScienceofMinistryofEducation,TeaScienceDepartment,CollegeofHorticultureandLandscape,HunanAgriculturalUniversity,Changsha410128,China;2.TeaResearchInstituteofHunanAcademyofAgriculturalScience,Changsha410125,ChinaAbstract:Inordertoobtai
4、ntheoptimalprocessingtechnologyofgoldenblacktea,usingonebudandtwoleavesofgoldenteacultivarsasrawmaterialsforprocessingGongfugoldenblackteabyautomaticfermentationmachineindifferenthumidityconditionanddifferentfermentationtimetotreatwitheredleavesin28℃toproduceGongfugolde
5、nblackteaend-products.Usingsensoryevaluationmethodandchemicalcomponentsanalysisforcatechinsandthealflavinsforend-productsofgoldenblacktea,resultsshowedthatwhenthefermentationprocessinghavenotreachedthebestlevel,thecatechinstransformationtothealflavinswasnotobviously.But
6、thefermentationtimewasover4hours,catechinstransfertotheaflavinsfully.Thesensoryevaluationhighestscore,No.9teasamplewerecovermoisturizinggauzeandfermentedfor240minutes,teasoupcolorwasredandbrightevenlyandteatastewasmellowtoo.Theirscatechinscontentreachedto38.6504mg/gandt
7、heaflavinscontentreachedto10.4940mg/g.Duringfermentationprocessing,teasampleswerecoveredmoisturizinggauzetoavoidtealeaveswaterloss,whichcanimprovethealflavinscontentssignificantly,teasoupcolorweremorebrightness,teatasteweremorestrongandmellow.Keywords:Goldenblacktea;Fer
8、mentationtechnology;Catechins;Theaflavins;Quality保靖黄金茶以其氨基酸含量高,多酚类物质丰富,加工成绿茶鲜爽度高、色泽绿、品质好等特点[1,2],深受广大消费者喜爱。但以该