2014全国职称英语理工类a级新增文章

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2014全国职称英语理工类A级新增文章第二部分阅读判断6VladimirFeltsmanwhenhewasateenagerbackinMoscow.TheveterancellistMstislavRostropovichtrippedhimpurposelytocurehimofpre-performancepanic,2Mr.Feltsmansaid,“Allmyfrightwasgone.Ialreadyfell.Whatelsecouldhappen?”Today,musicschoolsareaddressingtheproblemofanxietyinclassesthatdealwithperformancetechniquesandcareerpreparation.Thereareavarietyofstrategiesthatmusicianscanlearntofightstagefrightanditssymptoms:icyfingers,shakylimbs,racingheart,blankmind.3Teachersandpsychologistsofferwide-rangingadvice,frombasicslikelearningpiecesinside4out,tomentaldiscipline,suchasvisualizingaperformanceandtakingstepstorelax.Don?tdenythat34 you?rejittery，theyurge;someexcitementisnatural,evennecessaryfordynamicplaying.Andplayinpublicoften,simplyfortheexperience.PsychotherapistDianeNicholssuggestssomestrategiesforthemomentsbeforeperformance,“Taketwodeepabdominalbreaths,openupyourshoulders,thensmile,??shesays.“Andnotoneofthese?pleasedon?tkillme?smiles.Thenchoosethreefriendlyfacesintheaudience,peopleyouwouldcommunicatewithandmakemusicto,andmakeeyecontactwiththem.”Shedoesn?twantperformerstothinkoftheaudienceasajudge.Extremedemandsbymentorsorparentsareoftenattherootofstagefright，saysDorothyDelay,awell-knownviolinteacher.Shetellsotherteacherstodemandonlywhattheirstudentsareabletoachieve.WhenLynnHarrellwas20，hebecametheprincipalcellistoftheCleverlandOrchestra,andhesufferedextremestagefright.“ThereweretimeswhenIgotsonervousIwassuretheaudiencecouldseemychestrespondingtothethrobbing.Itwasjusttotalpanic.IcametoapointwhereIthought,?IfIhavetogothroughthistoplaymusic,IthinkI?mgoingtolookforanotherjob.”5Recovery,hesaid,34 involveddevelopinghumility-recognizingthatwhateverhistalent,hewasfallible，andthatanimperfectconcertwasnotadisaster.6Itisnotonlyyoungartistswhosuffer,ofcourse.ThelegendarypianistVladimirHorowitz?snerveswerefamous.ThegreattenorFrancoCorelliisanotherexample.“Theyhadtopushhimonstage,”SopranoRenataScottorecalled.Actually，successcanmakethingsworse.“Inthebeginningofyourcareer,whenyou?rescaredtodeath,nobodyknowswhoyouare,andtheydon?thaveanyexpectations,”SopranoJuneAndersonsaid.“There?slesstolose.Lateron,whenyou?reknown,peoplearecomingtoseeyou,andtheyhavecertainexpectations.Youhavealottolose.”Andersonadded，“IneverstopbeingnervousuntilI?vesungmylastnote.”词汇：veteran/?vet?r?n/adj．经验丰富的cellist/?t?el?st/n．大提琴演奏家jittery/?d??t?ri/adj．紧张不安的abdominal/?b?dɑm?n?l/adj．腹部的mentor/?men?t?:/n．指导者fallible/?f?l?b?l/adj．易犯错误的soprano/s??prprɑ:n??/n．女高音；女高音手tenor/’ten?/n．男高音233网校职称英语考试网（www.233.com/zcyy）34 注释：1．StageFright：舞台恐惧2．TheveterancellistMstislavRostropovichtrippedhimpurposelytocurehimofpre-performancepanic…资深大提琴家MstislavRostropovich故意把VladimirFeltsman绊倒，因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症。curesomebodyofsomething(illness,problem)：医治好病（解决问题）3．…itssymptoms：icyfingers,shakylimbs,racingheart,blankmind：舞台恐惧的症状有手冰凉、身体颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空白。4．Teachersandpsychologistsofferwide-rangingadvice,frombasicslikelearningpiecesinsideout：老师和心理学家提出了方方面面的建议，一些基础知识，比如将演奏曲目烂熟于心……insideout：ingreatdetail详细地，从里到外地5．IcametoapointwhereIthought，“IfIhavetogothroughthistoplaymusic,IthinkI?mgoingtolookforanotherjob.”我曾经一度认为，如果搞音乐就必须经过克服舞台恐惧这一关的话，这项工作不能做。6．Recovery,hesaid,involveddevelopinghumility-recognizingthatwhateverhistalent,hewasfallible,andthatanimperfectconcertwasnota34 disaster.不舞台恐惧意味着提高谦卑感，即认http://www.233.comzcyy/第6页，共13页233网校职称英语考试网（www.233.com/zcyy）第四部分阅读理解7识到不管你多有才，你也会出错，一个有瑕疵的音乐会也绝对不是世界末日。练习：1．FallingdownonstagewasnotagoodwayforVladimirFeltsmantodealwithhisstagefright.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned2．Therearemanysignsofstagefright.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3．Teachersandpsychologistscannothelppeoplewithextreme-stagefright.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned4．Toperformwellonstage,youneedtohavesomefeelingsofexcitement.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned5．Ifyouhavestagefright,it’shelpfultohavefriendlyaudience.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned6．Oftenpeoplehavestagefrightbecauseparentsorteachersexpecttoomuchofthem.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned7．Famousmusiciansneversufferfromstagefright.34 ARightBWrongCNotmentioned答案与题解：1．B本文第一段讲的是钢琴家VladimirFeltsman被MstislavRostropovich绊倒后，他的舞台恐惧被治愈了的故事。2．A第二段的最后一句点出舞台恐惧的诸多症状为手冰凉、身体颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空白。3．B本文的第三、四、五、六段都在讲老师和心理学家为舞台恐惧者提供全方位的建议。4．A依据第三段的倒数第二句：someexcitementisnatural,evennecessaryfordynamicplaying.(表演中激情是自然甚至是必要的）5．C第四段提到克服舞台恐惧的方法之一是：在观众中选择三位友好的面孔，与他们用眼光交流。所以克服舞台恐惧要靠自己而不是指望所有的观众都友好。6．A第五段讲了舞台恐惧的根源在于指导者或父母对表演者要求太高。extremedemands就是expecttoomuchofthem的意思。7．B第七段讲的是：不只年轻艺术家有舞台恐惧症，钢琴家VladimirHorowitz和男高音FrancoCorelli亦不能幸免。Never一词不恰当。第四部分阅读理解第二十九篇I’llBeBach34 ComposerDavidCopeistheinventorofacomputerprogramthatwritesoriginalworksofclassicalmusic.IttookCope30yearstodevelopthesoftware.Nowmostpeoplecan?ttellthedifferencebetweenmusicbythefamousGermancomposerJ.S.Bach(1685-1750)andtheBach-likecompositionsfromCope?scomputer.Itallstartedin1980intheUnitedStates,whenCopewastryingtowriteanopera.Hewashavingtroublethinkingofnewmelodies,sohewroteacomputerprogramtocreatethemelodies.Atfirstthismusicwasnoteasytolistento.WhatdidCopedo?Hebegantorethinkhowhumanbeingscomposemusic.Herealizedthatcomposers，brainsworklikebigdatabases.First,theytakeinallthemusicthattheyhaveeverheard.Thentheytakeoutthemusicthattheydislike.Finally,theymakenewmusicfromwhatisleft.AccordingtoCope,onlythegreatcomposersareabletocreatethedatabaseaccurately,rememberit,andformnewmusicalpatternsfromit.Copebuiltahugedatabaseofexistingmusic.HebeganwithhundredsofworksbyBach.Thesoftwareanalyzedthedata：itbrokeitdownintosmallerpiecesandlookedforpatterns.Itthencombinedthepiecesintonewpatterns.34 Beforelong,theprogramcouldcomposeshortBach-likeworks.Theyweren?tgood,butitwasastart.http://www.233.comzcyy/第7页，共13页第四部分阅读理解8Copeknewhehadmoreworktodo-hehadawholeoperatowrite.Hecontinuedtoimprovethesoftware.Soonitcouldanalyzemorecomplexmusic.Healsoaddedmanyothercomposers,includinghisownwork,tothedatabase.Afewyearslater，Cope?scomputerprogram,called“Emmy”，wasreadytohelphimwithhisopera.TheprocessrequiredalotofcollaborationbetweenthecomposerandEmmy.Copelistenedtothecomputer?smusicalideasandusedtheonesthatheliked.WithEmmy,theoperatookonlytwoweekstofinish.ItwascalledCradleFalling,anditwasagreatsuccess!Copereceivedsomeofthebestreviewsofhiscareer,butnooneknewexactlyhowhehadcomposedthework.Sincethatfirstopera,Emmyhaswrittenthousandsofcompositions.CopestillgivesEmmyfeedbackonwhathelikesanddoesn?tlikeofhermusic,butsheisdoingmostofthehardworkofcomposingthesedays!34 233网校职称英语考试网（www.233.com/zcyy）词汇：original/??r?d??n?l/adj．有独创性的collaboration/k??l?b??re???n/n．合作review/r?’vju:/n．评论feedback/’fi:db?k/n．反馈注释J.S.Bach约翰?塞巴斯蒂安?巴赫（德语：JohannSebastianBach，1685年3月31日一1750年7月28日），巴洛克时期的德国作曲家，杰出的管风琴、小提琴、大键琴演奏家，同作曲家亨德尔和泰勒曼齐名。巴赫被普遍认为是音乐史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊称为“西方‘现代音乐’之父”，也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。练习：1．ThemusiccomposedbyDavidcopeisabout______.AClassicalmusicBpopmusicCdramaDcountrymusic2．Bydevelopingacomputersoftware，Davidcopeaimed______.AtobelikeBachBtostudyBachCtowriteanoperaDtocreateamusicaldatabase3．Whatdidcoperealizeaboutagreatcomposer?sbrain?AItformsnewmusicalpatternsallbyitselfBItwritesacomputerprogram34 CItcanrecognizeanymusicpatternsDItcreatesanaccuratedatabase4．WhoisEmmy?AadatabaseBacomputersoftwareCacomposerwhohelpedDavidDanopera5．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.ADavidCopeisacomputerprogrammer.BDavidCopelovesmusic.CBach?smusichelpedhimalot.DEmmydidmuchmoreworkthanacomposer.答案与题解：1．A第一段的第一句：DavidCope发明了一个可以编写出古典音乐的电脑软件。2．C从第二段的第一句可以看出，David编写电脑软件的目的是写歌剧。A、B和D都属于创作歌剧的一部分。3．D第二段的后半部分讲的是伟大的歌剧作者与一般的歌剧作者的不同之处是通过对数据http://www.233.comzcyy/第8页，共13页第五部分补全短文9进行准确的构建、记忆而后创作出新的音乐形式。4．B从第五段第一句可知Emmy是一计算机软件。34 5．D从本文第一句可知David是一个作曲家，不是计算机程序员，所以排除A;B、C内容没有提及；从本文的第五段和第六段可知，Emmy大大提高了David的创作速度，最后一句，大部分困难的工作都由Emmy来做，所以作曲家只干一小部分工作。233网校职称英语考试网（www.233.com/zcyy）第五部分补全短文第四篇TheBilingualBrainWhenKarlKimimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesfromKorea?sateenager,hehadahardtimelearningEnglish.Nowhespeaksitfluently,andhehadauniqueopportunitytoseehowourbrainsadapttoasecondlanguage.1Asagraduatestudent,KimworkedinthelabofJoyHirsch,aneuroscientistinNewYork.____1____Theyfoundevidencethatchildrenandadultsdon?tusethesamepartsofthebrainwhentheylearnasecondlanguage.TheresearchersusedaninstrumentcalledanMRI2(magneticresonanceimaging)scannertostudythebrainsoftwogroupsofbilingualpeople.____2____.Theotherconsistedofpeoplewho，likeKim，learnedtheirsecondlanguagelaterinlife.Peoplefrombothgroupswereplaced34 insidetheMRIscanner.ThisallowedKimandHirschtoseewhichpartsofthebrainweregettingmorebloodandweremoreactive.Theyaskedpeoplefrombothgroupstothinkaboutwhattheyhaddonethedaybefore,firstinonelanguageandthentheother.Theycouldn?tspeakoutloudbecauseanymovementwoulddisruptthescanning.KimandHirschlookedspecificallyattwolanguagecentersinthebrain-Broca’sarea3,whichisbelievedtocontrolspeechproduction,andWernicke?sarea3,whichisthoughttoprocessmeaning.KimandHirschfoundthatbothgroupsofpeopleusedthesamepartofWernicke’sareanomatterwhatlanguagetheywerespeaking.____3____PeoplewholearnedasecondlanguageaschildrenusedthesameregioninBroca?sareaforboththeirfirstandsecondlanguages.PeoplewholearnedasecondlanguagelaterinlifeusedadifferentpartofBroca?sareafortheirsecondlanguage.____4____Hirschbelievesthatwhenlanguageisfirstbeingprogrammedinyoungchildren,theirbrainsmaymixthesoundsandstructuresofalllanguagesinthesamearea.Oncethatprogrammingiscomplete,theprocessingofanewlanguagemustbetakenoverbyadifferentpartofthebrain.34 Asecondpossibilityissimplythatwemayacquirelanguagesdifferentlyaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Hirschthinksthatmothersteachababytospeakbyusingdifferentmethodsinvolvingtouch,sound,andsight.____5____词汇：immigrate/??m??gre?t/vt．使移居入境scanner/?sk?n?/n．扫描仪bilingual/ba??l??gw(?)l/adj．具备双语能力的neuroscientist/’nj??r??’sa??nt?st/n．神经系统科学家unique/ju:?ni:k/adj．独特的disrupt/dis?r?pt/使中断注释：1．Nowhespeaksitfluently,andhehadauniqueopportunitytoseehowourbrainsadapttoasecondlanguage.现在他说一口流利的英语，并且有一独特的机会来审视我们的大脑是如何适应第二语言的。adaptto：适应2．MRI(magneticresonanceimaging)：磁共振成像3．Bmca?sarea：布洛卡区，也译为布罗卡区是大脑的一区，它主管语言讯息的处理、话语的产生。与Wernicke?s34 area共同形成语言系统。布若卡区与韦尼克区通常位于脑部的优势半脑(通常位于左侧），这是由于大多数人(97%)是右利的缘故。1861年法国神经学家兼外科医生保罗。布罗卡（PaulBroca，1824—1880)对一些失语症患者进行研究及治疗时发现此一区域，位于大脑皮层额下回后部的44、45区，故以其发现者的名字命名为布罗卡区。http://www.233.comzcyy/第9页，共13页233网校职称英语考试网（www.233.com/zcyy）第五部分补全短文10练习：AButtheiruseofBroca?sareawasdifferent.BOnegroupconsistedofthosewhohadlearnedasecondlanguageaschildren.CHowdoesHirschexplainthisdifference?DWeusespecialpartsofthebrainforlanguagelearning.EAndthatisverydifferentfromlearningalanguageinahighschoolorcollegeclass.FTheirworkledtoanimportantdiscovery.答案与题解：1．F根据本空的后一句：Theyfoundevidencethatchildrenandadultsdon?tusethesamepartsofthebrainwhentheylearnasecondlanguage.其中theyfoundevidence与discovery相呼应。2．B依据本空的后一句Theother34 consistedofpeoplewho,likeKim,learnedtheirsecondlanguagelaterinlife.one...theother是一固定搭配，用来比较同类事物。3．A整段讲的是Kim他们对大脑的两个语言中心的分析，得出两组被试都用Wernicke?sarea中同一地带，紧接着该谈被试们使用Broca?sarea的情况。4．C本段的开头谈到孩子学习第一和第二语言都用Broca?sarea相同的地带；而成人学习第二语言时使用Broca?sarea不同的地带。后面都是Hirsch对这一现象的解释；Hebelieves…根据上下文C是恰当的。5．E该句是全文的结束语。本段前两句都讲成年人与小孩习得语言的不同，Hirsch认为，母亲教小孩说话用不同于成人的方法，比如用触摸、声音和情景。Different是一关键词，所以，我们在中学和大学课堂学语言的方法和母亲教孩子的方法是不同的。第十篇HowDeafnessMakesItEasiertoHearMostpeoplethinkofBeethoven?shearinglossasanobstacletocomposingmusic.However,heproducedhismostpowerfulworksinthelastdecadeofhislifewhenhewascompletelydeaf.Thisisoneofthemostgloriouscasesofthetriumphofwilloveradversity1,buthisbiographer,MaynardSolomon,34 takesadifferentview.____1____.InhisdeafworldBeethovencouldexperiment,freefromthesoundsoftheoutsideworld,freetocreatenewformsandharmonies.Hearinglossdoesnotseemtoaffectthemusicalabilityofmusicianswhobecomedeaf.Theycontinueto“hear”musicwithasmuch,orgreater,accuracythaniftheywereactuallyhearingitbeingplayed.____2____.Hedescribedafascinatingphenomenonthathappenedwithinthreemonths:“myformermusicalexperiencesbegantoplaybacktome.Icouldn?tdifferentiatebetweenwhatIheardandrealhearing.2Aftermanyyears,itisstillrewardingtolistentotheseplaybacks,to?hear?musicwhichisnewtomeandtofindmanyquietaccompanimentsforallofmymoods.”Howisitthattheworldwesee，touch，hear，andsmellisboth“outthere”andatthesametimewithinus?Thereisnobetterexampleofthisconnectionbetweenexternalstimulusandinternalperceptionthanthecochlearimplant3.____3____.However,itmightbepossibletousethebrain?sremarkablepowertomakesenseoftheelectricalsignalstheimplantproduces.WhenMichaelEdgarfirst“switchedon”hiscochlear34 implant,thesoundsheheardwerenotatallclear.Gradually,withmuchhardwork,hebegantoidentifyeverydaysounds.Forexample,“Theinsistentringingofthetelephonebecameclearalmostatonce.”Theprimarypurposeoftheimplantistoallowcommunicationwithothers.WhenpeoplespoketoEagar,heheardtheirvoices“comingthroughlikealong-distancetelephonecallonapoorconnection.”Butwhenitcametohisbelovedmusic,theimplantwasofnohelp.4____4____.Hesaid,“IplaythepianoasIusedtoandhearitinmyheadatthesametime.Themovementofmyfingersandthefeelofthekeysgiveadded?clarity?tohearinginmyhead.5”Cochlearimplantsallowthedeaftohearagaininawaythatisnotperfect，butwhichcanchangetheirlives.____5____.EventhemostamazingcochlearimplantswouldhavebeenuselesstoBeethovenashecomposedhisNinthSymphonyattheendofhislife.词汇：obstacle/??bst?k(?)l/n．障碍http://www.233.comzcyy/biographer/bai??ɡr?f?/n．传记作者第10页，共13页34 百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料、生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网92to.com,您的在线图书馆!233网校职称英语考试网（www.233.com/zcyy）第二部分阅读判断1第二部分阅读判断第八篇WhatIsaDream?Forcenturies,peoplehavewonderedaboutthestrangethingsthattheydreamabout.Somepsychologistssaythatthisnighttimeactivityofthemindhasnospecialmeaning.Others，however，thinkthatdreamsareanimportantpartofourlives.Infact,manyexpertsbelievethatdreamscantellusaboutaperson?smindandemotions.Beforemoderntimes,manypeoplethoughtthatdreamscontainedmessagesfromGod.Itwasonlyinthetwentiethcenturythatpeoplestartedtostudydreamsinascientificway.TheAustrianpsychologist,SigmundFreud1，wasprobablythefirstpersontostudydreamsscientifically.Inhisfamousbook,TheinterpretationofDreams(1900),Freudwrotethatdreamsareanexpressionofaperson?s34 wishes.Hebelievedthatdreamsallowpeopletoexpressthefeelings,thoughts,andfearsthattheyareafraidtoexpressinreallife.TheSwisspsychiatristCarlJung2wasonceastudentofFreud?s.Jung，however，hadadifferentideaaboutdreams.Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheirdreams.Forexample,peoplewhodreamaboutfallingmaylearnthattheyhavetoohighanopinionofthemselves.Ontheotherhand,peoplewhodreamaboutbeingheroesmaylearnthattheythinktoolittleofthemselves.Modern-daypsychologistscontinuetodeveloptheoriesaboutdreams.Forexample,psychologistWilliamDomhofffromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz，believesthatdreamsaretightlylinkedtoaperson?sdailylife,thoughts,andbehavior.Acriminal,forexample,mightdreamaboutcrime.Domhoffbelievesthatthereisaconnectionbetweendreamsandage.Hisresearchshowsthatchildrendonotdreamasmuchasadults.AccordingtoDomhoff,dreamingisamentalskillthatneedstimetodevelop.34 Hehasalsofoundalinkbetweendreamsandgender.Hisstudiesshowthatthedreamsofmenandwomenaredifferent.Forexample,thepeopleinmen?sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen?sdreams.3Domhofffoundthisgenderdifferenceinthedreamsofpeoplefrom11culturesaroundtheworld,includingbothmodernandtraditionalones.Candreamshelpusunderstandourselves?Psychologistscontinuetotrytoanswerthisquestionindifferentways.However,onethingtheyagreeonthis:Ifyoudreamthatsomethingterribleisgoingtooccur,youshouldn?tpanic.Thedreammayhavemeaning,butitdoesnotmeanthatsometerribleeventwillactuallytakeplace.It?simportanttorememberthattheworldofdreamsisnottherealworld.词汇：psychologist/sa??k?l?d??st/n．心理学家psychiatrist/sai’kai?tr?st/n．精神病学家(医生)Austrian/??str??n/adj．奥地利的gender/?d?end?/n．性别注释：1．Sigmund34 Freud西格蒙德?弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。精神分析学派的创始人。他认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。著有《性学三论》《梦的释义》《图腾与禁忌》《日常生活的心理病理学》《精神分析引论》《精神分析引论新编》等。2．CarlJung：卡尔?荣格，瑞士著名精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人。3．Forexample,thepeopleinmen?sdreamsareoftenothermen,andthedreamsofteninvolvefighting.Thisisnottrueofwomen?sdreams.例如，男人做梦会梦到男人，并且常与打斗有关；女人做梦与男人则不同。http://www.233.comzcyy/第1页，共13页233网校职称英语考试网（www.233.com/zcyy）第二部分阅读判断2练习：1．Noteveryoneagreesthatdreamsaremeaningful.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned2．AccordingtoFreud,peopledreamaboutthingsthattheycannottalkabout.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3．Jungbelievedthatdreamsdidnothelponetounderstandoneself.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned4．Inthepast,people34 believedthatdreamsinvolvedemotions.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned5．AccordingtoDomhoff,babiesdonothavethesameabilitytodreamasadultsdo.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned6．Menandwomendreamaboutdifferentthings.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned7．Scientistsagreethatdreamspredictthefuture.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned答案与题解1．A这句话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。即有些心理学家认为，人脑睡眠中的活动没有特别意义；而有些人则认为，梦可以揭示人的思维和情感。2．A第三段的最后一句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在现实情况下害怕表达的情感、想法或恐惧。此句与本叙述一致。3．B第四段的第二句和第三句：Jungbelievedthatthepurposeofadreamwastocommunicateamessagetothedreamer.（荣格认为梦的用途是向做梦者传递一个信息）Hethoughtpeoplecouldlearnmoreaboutthemselvesbythinkingabouttheir34 dreams.（他认为人们通过思考所做的梦能够更好地了解自己）。他给出了两个例子来说明他的论点。4．C文中没有提及。5．A依据第六段，Domhoff研究得出：婴儿不像成人做那么多的梦，做梦是一种需要时间提高的技能。这就说明了婴儿不具备成人做梦的能力。6．A本文第七段讲述了做梦与性别的关系。第二句更指出男人和女人做的梦是不同的。7．B最后一段的倒数第二句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并不表示一些恐怖事情就一定会发生。因而不能预测未来。*第十篇TheBiologyofMusicHumansusemusicasapowerfulwaytocommunicate.Itmayalsoplayanimportantroleinlove.Butwhatismusic,andhowdoesitworkitsmagic?Sciencedoesnotyethavealltheanswers.Whataretwothingsthatmakehumansdifferentfromanimals?Oneislanguage,andtheotherismusic.Itistruethatsomeanimalscansing(andmanybirdssingbetterthanalotofpeople).However,thesongsofanimals,suchasbirdsandwhales,areverylimited.Itisalsotruethathumans,notanimals,havedevelopedmusicalinstruments.1Musicisstrangestuff.Itisclearlydifferentfromlanguage.However,peoplecanusemusictocommunicatethings—especiallytheiremotions.Whenmusiciscombinedwith34 speechinasong,itisaverypowerfulformofcommunication.But,biologicallyspeaking,whatismusic?Ifmusicistrulydifferentfromspeech,thenweshouldprocessmusicandlanguageindifferentpartsofthebrain.Thescientificevidencesuggeststhatthisistrue.Sometimespeoplewhosufferbraindamagelosetheirabilitytoprocesslanguage.However,theydon?tautomaticallylosetheirmusicalabilities.Forexample,VissarionShebalin,aRussiancomposer，hadastrokein1953.Itinjuredtheleftsideofhisbrain.Hecouldnolongerspeakorunderstandspeech.Hecould,however,stillcomposemusicuntilhisdeathtenyearslater.Ontheotherhand，sometimesstrokescausepeopletolosetheirmusicalability,buttheycanstillspeakandunderstandspeech.Thisshowsthatthebrainprocessesmusicandlanguageseparately.Bystudyingthephysicaleffectsofmusiconthebody，scientistshavealsolearnedalotabouthowmusicinfluencestheemotions.Butwhydoesmusichavesuchastrongeffectonus?Thatisahttp://www.233.comzcyy/第2页，共13页34 第二部分阅读判断3harderquestiontoanswer.GeoffreyMiller,aresearcheratUniversityCollege,London,thinksthatmusicandlovehaveastrongconnection.Musicrequiresspecialtalent,practice,andphysicalability.That?swhyitmaybeawayofshowingyourfitnesstobesomeone?smate.Forexample,singingintuneorplayingamusicalinstrumentrequiresfinemuscularcontrol.Youalsoneedagoodmemorytorememberthenotes.Andplayingorsingingthosenotescorrectlysuggeststhatyourhearingisinexcellentcondition.Finally,whenamansingstothewomanheloves(orviceversa)，itmaybeawayofshowingoff.However,Miller?stheorystilldoesn?texplainwhycertaincombinationsofsoundsinfluenceouremotionssodeeply.Forscientists，thisisclearlyanareathatneedsfurtherresearch.233网校职称英语考试网（www.233.com/zcyy）词汇：automaticallyadv.自动地note/n??t/n．音符stroke/str??k/n．中风注释：1．Itisalsotruethathumans,notanimals,havedeveloped34 musicalinstruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientistsaredevelopingnewdrugstotreatcancer.科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。练习：1．Humans,butnotanimals,cansing.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned2．Peoplecanusemusictocommunicatetheiremotions.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3．Weusethesamepartofthebrainformusicandlanguage.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned4．GeofferyMilerhasdoneresearchonmusicandemotions.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned5．It?shardforhumanstocomposemusic.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned6．Memoryisnotanimportantpartinsingingintune.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned7．Scientistsdoesnotknowalltheanswersabouttheeffectsofmusiconhumans.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned答案与题解：1．B第二段的第三句：Itistruethatsomeanimalscansing(andmanybirdssingbetterthanalotofpeople).可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。2．A第三段的第三句：However,peoplecanusemusicto34 communicatethings—especiallytheiremotions.这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。3．B第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。在第五段，作者用VissarionShebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。4．A第六段的第四句：GeoffreyMiller,aresearcheratUniversityCollege，London，thinksthatmusicandlovehaveastrongconnection.这句说明Miller对音乐和爱（情感）的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。5．C文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。6．B第六段有一句：Youalsoneedagoodmemorytorememberthenotes.此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。7．A最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。http://www.233.comzcyy/第3页，共13页233网校职称英语考试网（www.233.com/zcyy）+第十一篇BillGates:UnleashingYourCreativity34 第二部分阅读判断4I?vealwaysbeenanoptimistandIsupposeitisrootedin1mybeliefthatthepowerofcreativityandintelligencecanmaketheworldabetterplace.ForaslongasIcanremember,I?velovedlearningnewthingsandsolvingproblems.SowhenIsatdownatacomputerforthefirsttimeinseventhgrade,Iwashooked.Itwasaclunkyoldteletypemachineanditcouldbarelydoanythingcomparedtothecomputerswehavetoday.2Butitchangedmylife.WhenmyfriendPaulAllenandIstartedMicrosoft30yearsago，wehadavisionof“acomputeroneverydeskandineveryhome”,whichprobablysoundedalittletoooptimisticatatimewhenmostcomputerswerethesizeofrefrigerators.Butwebelievedthatpersonalcomputerswouldchangetheworld.Andtheyhave.Andafter30years,I?mstillasinspiredbycomputersasIwasbackinseventhgrade.Ibelievethatcomputersarethemostincredibletoolwecanusetofeedourcuriosityandinventiveness—tohelpussolveproblemsthateventhesmartestpeoplecouldn?tsolveontheirown.34 Computershavetransformedhowwelearn，givingkidseverywhereawindowintoalloftheworld?sknowledge.They?rehelpingusbuildcommunitiesaroundthethingswecareaboutandtostayclosetothepeoplewhoareimportanttous,nomatterwheretheyare.3LikemyfriendWarrenBuffett,IfeelparticularlyluckytodosomethingeverydaythatIlovetodo.Hecallsit“tap-dancingtowork”4.MyjobatMicrosoftisaschallengingasever,butwhatmakesme“tap-dancingtowork”iswhenweshowpeoplesomethingnew,likeacomputerthatcanrecognizeyourhandwritingoryourspeech,oronethatcanstorealifetime?sworthofphotos,andtheysay,“Ididn?tknowyoucoulddothatwithaPC5!”ButforallthecoolthingsthatapersoncandowithaPC，therearelotsofotherwayswecanputourcreativityandintelligencetoworktoimproveourworld6.Therearestillfartoomanypeopleintheworldwhosemostbasicneedsgounmet7.Everyyear,forexample,millionsofpeoplediefromdiseasesthatareeasytopreventortreatinthedevelopedworld.Ibelievethatmyowngoodfortunebringswithita34 responsibilitytogivebacktotheworld.Mywife,Melinda,andIhavecommittedto8improvinghealthandeducationinawaythatcanhelpasmanypeopleaspossible.Asafather,IbelievethatthedeathofachildinAfricaisnolesspoignantortragicthan9thedeathofachildanywhereelse,andthatitdoesn?ttakemuchtomakeanimmensedifferenceinthesechildren?slives10.I?mstillverymuchanoptimist,andIbelievethatprogressoneventheworld?stoughestproblemsispossible—andit?shappeningeveryday.We?reseeingnewdrugsfordeadlydiseases,newdiagnostictools，andnewattentionpaidtothehealthproblemsinthedevelopingworld.I?mexcitedbythepossibilitiesIseeformedicine,foreducationand,ofcourse,fortechnology.AndIbelievethatthroughournaturalinventiveness,creativityandwillingnesstosolvetoughproblems,we’regoingtomakesomeamazingachievementsinalltheseareasinmylifetime.词汇：unleash/?n?li:?/vt．解开；放纵；使自由inspire/?n?spa??(r)/vt．鼓舞optimist/’Dpt?m?st/n．乐观主义者incredible/?n’kred?bl/adj．难以置信的clunky(clonky)/’kl?nk?/adj．发出沉闷金属声的34 curiosity/?kju?r?’Ds?t?/n．好奇心inventivenessn.发明创造的能力teletype/’tel?ta?p/(teletype-writer)n.电传打字机poignant/?p??nj?nt/adj．令人悲痛的，可怜的tragic/’traed3?k/adj．悲剧的，悲惨的vision/’v?3n/n．想象；幻想；美景immense/I’mens/adj．巨大的注释：1．berootedin：扎根于；深深地存在于2．Itwasaclunkyoldteletypemachineanditcouldbarelydoanythingcomparedtothecomputerswehavetoday.那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎干不了什么http://www.233.comzcyy/第4页，共13页第二部分阅读判断5事。本句中，barely意为almostnot；compareto在美国英语中也可以等同于comparewith（与??相比）。3．They?rehelpingusbuildcommunitiesaroundthethingswecareaboutandtostayclosetothepeoplewhoareimportanttous,nomatterwherethey34 are.电脑帮助我们就我们所关心的事情建立一个交流的场所，并且与那些我们认为对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。careabout指不管喜欢或不喜欢的事情都很关心、介意、在乎、计较。4．“tap-dancingtowork”：“跳着踢踏舞工作”。tap原意是“叩击、轻敲”；tapdance是“踢踏舞”。这里实际意思是“（手指）轻轻敲击键盘的工作”。5．PC(personalcomputer)：个人计算机6．ButforallthecoolthingsthatapersoncandowithaPC,therearelotsofotherwayswecanputourcreativityandintelligencetoworktoimproveourworld.除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美好。7．gounmet：得不到满足。在这里go是系动词，unmet是过去分词作表语。8．committo此处意为承诺，保证做某事。9．noless...than：和一样，不亚于??10.andthatitdoesn?ttakemuchtomakeanimmensedifferenceinthesechildren?slives.而且要改善这些孩子们的命运，其实不难。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语tomakeanimmensedifferenceinthesechildren?slives。233网校职称英语考试网（www.233.com/zcyy）练习：1．AcomputerwasasbigasaniceboxwhenBillGateswas34 ahighschoolstudent.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned2．BillGateshasbeendreamingofthepopularityofcomputersforhislifetime.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned3．BillGatescompareshishardworkonaPCto“tap-dancingtowork”.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned4．ToBillGates?mind,thereisabigdifferencebetweenthedeathofthepoor?schildrenandthedeathoftherich?schildren.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned5．SofarBillGateshascontributedseveraldozenbilliondollarstothecharities.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned6．BillGatesandhiswifeconsiderittheirdutytohelpthepoorbettertheirhealthandeducationasmuchaspossible.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned7．BillGateswillleaveonlyasmallportionofhiswealthforhischildren.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned答案与题解：1．A文章第三段中比尔?盖茨说，当他念七年级时，电脑就是冰箱那么大小。2．A文章第三段比尔?盖茨说，他30年前与Paul34 Allen一起创办微软公司时就梦想一桌一机、一户一机，而且从其他各段也可以看到他对电脑有很多的期待。3．B从第七段第二句可以看到作这样比较的是他的朋友WarrenBuffett，而不是他自己。4．B在倒数第三段，比尔?盖茨已经明确说，所有这些儿童的死亡都一样令人伤心和悲痛，没有什么区别。5．C文章没有提到他给慈善机构捐款的事。6．A倒数第四段比尔?盖茨认为他一生好运，就理应回报社会，所以他和他的妻子做出了承诺，要帮助尽可能多的人改善医疗和教育条件。7．C文章没有提到。+第十四篇StageFright1Falldownasyoucomeonstage.That?sanoddtrick.Notrecommended.Butitsavedthepianisthttp://www.233.comzcyy/第5页，共13页百度搜索“就爱阅读”,专业资料、生活学习,尽在就爱阅读网92to.com,您的在线图书馆!34