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1、BIOTECHNO~OGYFROMToGENOME$TheMeaninjOiTheDoubleHdkTheMeaningOiTheDouble~PHlLlPPEGOUJONUniversite'CatholiquedelilleFranceWorldScientificSingapore.NewJersey.LondonHongKonghrhlishedby&orldScientificPublishingCoPteLtdPOBox128.FaneiRoad.Singqnre912805LTS1ofic
2、eSuiteIB,l060MaiiiStreet.RiverbdgeNJ07661UKofice57SheltonStreet,Lovent(Jarden,LondonWCW9IIEBritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.FROMBIOTECHNOLOGYTOGENOMESTheMeaningoftheDoubleIIelixCopyrig
3、ht02001bj7WorldScicntificPublishingCoPtcLtd111righfcrecenurl.Thichook,orpartcthereojmayrtofhereproducedinanyformorhyanyrizeaitc,dectronicornzecltuttical,iltcli~dingplzotocopyin~,rrcordittgorMYittfortnutiortstorageuttdretrieval~ptenttiowkrtonvtortobeinecrt
4、terl,withoutu~ri~etiperwi~~iottfrontthePablidter.Forphotocopyingofniatcrialinthisvolunic,plcascpayacopyingfccthroughIhcCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc..222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,USA.Inthiscasepermissiontophotocopyisnotrequiredfroiiithepublisher.ISBN98
5、1-02-4328-6PrintedinSingaporebyMainlandPressForewordAtthetimeofwritingthisforeword(June1998),thegenomeof15unicellularspecieshavebeencompletelysequencedandmadeavailabletothescientificcommunity:tenEubacteria,fourArchaebacteriaandyeast,thconlyeucaryoticcells
6、ofar.Duringthelastthreeyears,theaminoacidsequencesfromover35,000proteinsuiicodedbythesegenomeshavebeendeciphered.Morethan10,OOOproteinsthusunveiledhaveanunknownfLinctionandaremembersofnewproteinfamiliesyettobeidentified.Thesequenceofeachnewbactcrialgenome
7、(withthepossibleexceptionofE.coli)providesthemicrobiologistwithahugeamountoffi-eshmetabolicinfomation,farinexcessofthatalreadyinexistence.Asurprisinglylargebiochemicaldiversityinthebacterialworldhasbeenrevealed.Ifoveramillionbacterialspeciesexist,ofwhicho
8、nlyapproximately3,000havesofarbeencultured,thentheenormoustaskofidentifyingthebacterialworldthroughthesequencingofitsgeiiomesisstilltobeaccomplished.Dozensofsequencingcenters(rapidlyexpandingtobecomehundredsinnumber
