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1、FiberBraggGratingsOPTICSANDPHOTONICS(formerlyQuantumElectronics)EDITEDBYPAULL.KELLYTuftsUniversityMedford,MassachusettsIVANKAMINOWLucentTechnologiesHolmdel,NewJerseyGOVINDAGRAWALUniversityofRochesterRochester,NewYorkFiberBraggGratingsRamanKashyapBTLaboratories,Martles
2、hamHeathIpswich,UnitedKingdom@ACADEMICPRESSSanDiegoLondonBostonNewYorkSydneyTokyoTorontoThecoverpictureshowsthenear-fieldphotographsofradiationmodepatternsofseverallow-ordercounterpropagatingmodes(LP0n).Theseareexcitedbytheforwardpropagatingcoremodeina6-mm-long,side-t
3、apgratingwitha2°blazeangle,writtenintothecoreofasinglemodefiber.ArtworkbyArjunKashyap.Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.©Copyright©1999byAcademicPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,incl
4、udingphotocopy,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.ACADEMICPRESSadivisionofHarcourtBrace&Company525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,CA92101-4495,USAhttp://www.apnet.comACADEMICPRESS24-28OvalRoad,London,NW17DX,UKhttp
5、://www.hbuk.co.uk/ao/LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:99-60954InternationalStandardBookNumber:0-12-400560-8PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica9900010203IP987654321ForMonika,Hannah,andinmemoryofProf.KedarNathKashyapThispageintentionallyleftblankContentsPrefacexiiiChapt
6、er1Introduction11.1Historicalperspective21.2Materialsforglassfibers41.3Originsoftherefractiveindexofglass61.4Overviewofchapters8References10Chapter2PhotosensitivityandPhotosensitizationofOpticalFibers132.1Photorefractivityandphotosensitivity142.2Defectsinglass162.3Det
7、ectionofdefects192.4Photosensitizationtechniques202.4.1Germanium-dopedsilicafibers212.4.2Germanium-boroncodopedsilicatefibers272.4.3Tin-germaniumcodopedfibers292.4.4Cold,high-pressurehydrogenation292.4.5Rare-earth-dopedfibers342.5Densificationandstressinfibers352.6Sum
8、maryofphotosensitivemechanismsingermanosilicatefibers362.7Summaryofroutestophotosentization382.7.1Summaryofopticallyinducede
