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1、JOURNALOFLIGHTWAVETECHNOLOGY,VOL.15,NO.8,AUGUST19971391LightwaveApplicationsofFiberBraggGratingsC.R.Giles(InvitedPaper)AbstractÐFiberBragggratings(FBG's)haveemergedasintheFBGbecomingaubiquitousandnecessaryelementimportantcomponentsinavarietyoflightwaveapplications.inequipmentlocatedthroughou
2、tthenetworkfromthecen-Theiruniquefilteringpropertiesandversatilityasin-fiberdevicestralofficetothehome.Indeed,FBG'sarenowusedinisillustratedbytheiruseinwavelength-stabilizedlasers,fibercommericallyavailableadd/dropmultiplexersandwavelength-lasers,remotelypumpamplifiers,Ramanamplifiers,phasecon-jug
3、ators,wavelengthconverters,passiveopticalnetworks,wave-stabilizedpumplasers.Beforediscussingtheapplicationsoflengthdivisionmultiplexers(WDM's)demultiplexers,add/dropFBG's,atutorialintroductiontogratingtheoryisincludedinmultiplexers,dispersioncompensators,andgainequalizers.ordertoimproveunder
4、standingandclarifygratingdesign.IndexTermsÐGratings,opticalfiberfilters,opticalfiltercom-munications.II.THEORYThestudyofwaveinteractionswithperiodicstructures[5]I.INTRODUCTIONhasyieldedconvenientmethodsofanalysis.GratingshaveIGHTWAVEnetworksenablehigh-capacityinterconnec-beeninvestigatedinclass
5、icalopticalstructuresandtheresultsLtionsamongproducersandconsumersofinformationlo-havebeenextendedtogratingsinwaveguidessuchasthosecatedatmostplacesontheearth.Demandforincreasedband-indistributedfeedbacklasers,acousto-opticmodulatorsandwidthresultingfromnewservicesandusershasstimulatedfilters
6、,andotherdiffractivewaveguidedevices.TheFBGisinnovationsinthelightwaveindustry,includingtheintriguingreadilyanalyzedbythesemethods,includingcoupledmodeprospectofdirectlyconnectingallnetworkuserstogigabit/sandtransfermatrixesanalyses[6],[7];here,webrieflyde-opticallinks.Allocatingcommunication
7、channelstopartitionsscribethecoupledmodeanalysis.Morecompleteapproachesintheopticalfrequencyspectrumhasestablishedwavelengthincludeothereffectssuchasradiationmodecouplinganddivisionmultiplexedtransmissionasaconventionalmethodabsorptivelossesinthegr