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1、TheRelevanceofSpecialEssayarticleSystematicstotheArticleContents.IntroductionTwenty-firstCentury.SystematicsandtheEnvironmentalCrisis.SystematicsandtheSearchforNewUsesforOrganismsGhilleanTPrance,NationalTropicalBotanicalGarden,Kalaheo,Kauai,Hawaii,USA.AdvancesinSystematics.A
2、lphaTaxonomyAnoverviewofsystematics,thenaming,classifyingandorderingoflife,showsthatithas.Conclusionneverbeenmorerelevantthaninthepresenttimeofenvironmentalcrisisandspeciesloss.Only1.8millionofthemanymillionsofspecieshavebeennamedandclassified,makingitdifficulttouseandconser
3、vethem.Moleculartechniquescombinedwithcladisticmethodsandhigh-poweredcomputingabilityareproducingpredictivephylogeniesofmanygroupsoforganismsandarebringingusclosertoworkingoutanaccuratetreeoflife.Introductionnomenclatureforplantsandanimals,biologistshavenamedanddescribedabou
4、t1.8millionorganisms(plants,Systematicsisthescienceofnamingandclassifyinganimals,fungiandmicroorganisms).Thisisonlyasmallorganismsandworkingouttheirevolutionaryrelation-fractionofthetotaldiversity,butwhatfractionisunclearships.Itinvolvesthestudyofallformsoflifebothpastandbec
5、ausewedonotknowhowmanyspeciesexistonplanetpresentandtheelucidationoftheirvariationatalllevels,Earth(Table1).Sopoorlyknownaresomegroupsoffromrelationshipsofhighertaxatothegeneticvariationorganismssuchasinsects,fungi,nematodesandmicro-withinspecies.Sinceanameisessentialtoanypa
6、perorganismsthatestimatesoftotalspeciesdiversityrangewritingaboutanorganism,systematicsisbasictoallotherfrom7to100million.Asmorestudiesproceedthehigherstudiesofbiology.However,inrecentyearssystematicsendofthisspectrumseemsmorelikely(seeStorkandhasgenerallybeenundervaluedando
7、ftenregardedastheGaston,1990).‘Cinderella’ofbiologicalsciences.ThereisgoodevidenceAsworldpopulationrises,environmentaldegradationthatteachingandresearchinsystematicsdeclinedinbothincreasesandworldclimatechangesforhumancausedtheUSAandtheUKoverthelasttwodecadesofthereasons,man
8、yspecies,bothknownandundescribed,facetwentiethcentury(Nash,1989;Parnell,199
