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1、CHAPTER2"RELEVANCE"INLOGICANDGRAMMARTeunA.vanDijk1.Introduction1.1.Inphilosophicalandlogicalworkonconditionals,entailmentandthegeneralprincipiesofdeduction,theproblematicnotionof"relevance"hasgivenrisetoaheateddebateandgenuinepuzzlement.Althoughtherehave
2、beenattemptstoaccountfortheconceptbothaxiomaticallyandsemantically,itcanhardlybepretendedthatsuchformalizationgoesbeyondaratherintuitiveunderstandingoftheissuesinvolved.Asisoftenthecaseintherecentdevelopmentofmanytypesofnon-standardlogics,theintuitionsin
3、vokedareclearlylinguisticincharacter,i.e.pertaintopropertiesofconditionalsentencesandargumentsofnaturallanguage.Sinceourintuitionsaboutnaturallanguagearesupposedtobemadeexplicitbyanadequategrammar,wewouldexpectsuchagrammartoshedsomelightalsoontherulesand
4、constraintsdeterminingrelevancerelationsinnaturaldiscourse.Inthispaperanattemptwillbemadetoprovideageneralandinformaldiscussionof1`relevance'andrelatednotionsfromthislinguisticpointofview.Moreparticularly,itwillbearguedthattherelevancerequirementmustbesa
5、tisfiedbyanycompoundsentence,viz.byallconnectives,andbyanycoherentdiscourse,i.e.notonlydeductiveorargumentative,innaturallanguage.Althoughsuchaclaimmighthavefeed-backinthephilosophyoflogic,wewillbeconcernedwiththeapplicationsofsomerecentideasfromrelevanc
6、elogicsintheexplicitcharacterizationofthesepropertiesofnaturallanguage.1.2.Therearedevelopmentsinactuallinguistictheorywhichhavesomestrikingsimilaritieswiththeinterestforrelevancelogicsandconditionallogicsinlogicaltheory.Whereasthegenerativetransformatio
7、nalgrammarselaboratedbyChomskyandotherswereoriginallyconfinedtoalgorithmicstructuraldescriptionsoíisolatedsentences,ithasbeennoticed,fromdifferentpointsofview,thatboththesyntacticandthesemanticstructuresofsentencesshouldbecharacterizedrelativetothestruct
8、ureofothersentencesofdiscourseontheonehand,andrelativetothestructureofthespeechcontext,ontheotherhand.Thefirstargumenthasledtotheattempttoconstructgrammarstoaccountfortheabstractstructures2ofdiscourse,so-called`textgrammar
