智能科学与技术外文翻译

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1、西安邮电大学毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译院（系）：自动化学院专业：智能科学与技术班级：智能0801班学生姓名：万云艳导师姓名：韩中职称：讲师起止时间：2012年3月8日至2012年6月20日英文原文298SHEARDANDMOSTASHARITableI.ComplexSystemExamplesSystemsEngineeringDOI10.1002/sysPRINCIPLESOFCOMPLEXSYSTEMSFORSYSTEMSENGINEERING299reasonallshouldbeamenabletoimprovementbasedontheprinciplesforenginee

2、ringcomplexsystemsaddressedinlatersections.Systemsengineersshouldbefamiliarwiththethreeexamples:·INCOSE·Thesystemsengineering(SE)processwithinacompany·TheNationalAirspaceSystem(airtrafficcontrolsystem).TableIshowsthatallthreeexampleshaveallcomplexsystemsattributeslistedaboveandthereforethattheseare

3、complexsystems.3.2.Systems-of-SystemsItshouldbenotedthatSystems-of-Systems(SoSs)iscurrentlyofgreatinteresttosystemsengineers.Thetopicwasoriginallydefinedby[Maier,1998];confer-encesandpapersaddressingsystems-of-systemshaveincreasedgreatlyinthelastfewyears.Systems-of-sys-temsissuesthatdifferfromsyste

4、msissuesinclude:Integrationofindependently-operationalcompo-nentsystemsthatwerebuiltforotherpurposesRapidevolutionofbothuserneedsandsystemtechnologies,whichpreventsstablerequirementsMultipledisparatestakeholderswithconflictingneedsandalackofincentivestoparticipateinthesystem-of-systemsDistributedde

5、velopmentanditsconsequentcom-municationproblemsDependenceonanintegratedcomputinginfra-structurethathasextremelyhighandincreasingcomplexity,thusthreateningunintendedconse-quences.Inanengineeringcontext,systems-of-systemsareoften,butnotalways,complexsystems.Figure2showsthiscomparison.Systems-of-syste

6、msusuallycomeupinaprogramacquisitioncontext,andaredistinguishedasbeingunmanageableusingstandardtop-townsys-temsengineering,whereascomplexsystemsusuallycomeupinananalyticalorscientificcontext,andaredescribedasbeingnotdecomposable.Mostsystems-of-systemsarealsocomplexsystems(CxSs)andviceversa;hencethe

7、twotopcirclesoverlapgreatly.AsystemsuchasJointStrikeFighterthatisdevelopedviaaprogrammanagerandachiefengineerisbydefinitionnotacomplexsystem(therearenotindependentagents).However,itspecificallyisconsid-ered