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1、METHODSMETHODSININMOLECULARMOLECULARBIOLOGYBIOLOGYTMTMVolume296CellCycleCellCycleControlControlMechanismsandProtocolsMechanismsandProtocolsEditedbyEditedbyTimHumphreyTimHumphreyGavinBrooksGavinBrooksTheBuddingandFissionYeasts31CellCycleMoleculesandMechanismsoftheBu
2、ddingandFissionYeastsTimHumphreyandAmandaPearceSummaryThecellcyclesofthebuddingyeastSaccharomycescerevisiaeandthefissionyeast,Schizosaccharomycespombearecurrentlythebestunderstoodofalleukaryotes.Studiesinthesetwoevolutionarilydivergentorganismshaveidentifiedcommonc
3、ontrolmechanisms,whichhaveprovidedparadigmsforourunderstandingoftheeukaryoticcellcycle.Thischapterprovidesanoverviewofourcurrentknowledgeofthemoleculesandmechanismsthatregulatethemitoticcellcycleinthesetwoyeasts.KeyWordsCellcycle;Saccharomycescerevisiae;Schizosacch
4、aromycespombe;fissionyeast;bud-dingyeast;review.1.IntroductionTheeukaryoticcellcyclecanbeconsideredastwodistinctevents,DNAreplication(S-phase)andmitosis(M-phase),separatedtemporallybygapsknownasG1andG2.Theseeventsmustberegulatedtoensurethattheyoccurinthecorrectorde
5、rwithrespecttoeachotherandthattheyoccuronlyoncepercellcycle.Moreover,thesediscontinuouseventsmustbecoordinatedwithcontinuouseventssuchascellgrowth,inordertomaintainnormalcellsize(reviewedinref.1).Significantadvancesinunderstandingsuchcellcyclecontrolshavearisenfrom
6、thestudyoftheseyeasts.Theuseofyeastasamodelsystemforstudyingthecellcycleprovidesanumberofadvan-tages:yeastsaresingle-celled,rapidlydividingeukaryotesthatcanexistinthehaploidform.Thusyeastarereadilyamenabletopowerfulgeneticanalyses,andmoleculartoolsareavailable(revi
7、ewedinrefs.2and3).Althoughbothyeastsareevolutionarilydivergent(4),commonmechanismscontroltheircellcyclesthatareconservedthroughouteukaryotes(reviewedinrefs.5and6).Moreover,followingthesequenc-ingofbothyeastgenomes(7,8),systematicgeneticanalysestogetherwithreverseFr
8、om:MethodsinMolecularBiology,vol.296,CellCycleControl:MechanismsandProtocolsEditedby:T.HumphreyandG.Brooks©HumanaPressInc.,Totowa,NJ34Humphreyand
