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1、CHAPTER1HistoricalIntroductionandOverviewThefirstsequencestobecollectedwerethoseofproteins,2DNAsequencedatabases,3Sequenceretrievalfrompublicdatabases,4Sequenceanalysisprograms,5Thedotmatrixordiagrammethodforcomparingsequences,5Alignmentofsequencesbydynamicprogramming,6Findinglocalalign
2、mentsbetweensequences,8Multiplesequencealignment,9PredictionofRNAsecondarystructure,9Discoveryofevolutionaryrelationshipsusingsequences,10Importanceofdatabasesearchesforsimilarsequences,11TheFASTAandBLASTmethodsfordatabasesearches,11PredictingthesequenceofaproteinbytranslationofDNAseque
3、nces,12Predictingproteinsecondarystructure,13Thefirstcompletegenomesequence,14ACEDB,thefirstgenomedatabase,15REFERENCES,1512■CHAPTER1THEDEVELOPMENTOFSEQUENCEANALYSISMETHODShasdependedonthecontributionsofmanyindividualsfromvariedscientificbackgrounds.Thischapterprovidesabriefhistor-icala
4、ccountofthemoresignificantadvancesthathavetakenplace,aswellasanoverviewofthechaptersofthisbook.Becausemanycontributorscannotbementionedduetospaceconstraints,additionalreferencestoearlierandcurrentreferencebooks,articles,reviews,andjournalsprovideabroaderviewofthefieldandareincludedinthe
5、referenceliststothischapter.THEFIRSTSEQUENCESTOBECOLLECTEDWERETHOSEOFPROTEINSThedevelopmentofprotein-sequencingmethods(SangerandTuppy1951)ledtothesequencingofrepresentativesofseveralofthemorecommonproteinfamiliessuchascytochromesfromavarietyoforganisms.MargaretDayhoff(1972,1978)andherco
6、llabo-ratorsattheNationalBiomedicalResearchFoundation(NBRF),Washington,DC,werethefirsttoassembledatabasesofthesesequencesintoaproteinsequenceatlasinthe1960s,andtheircollectioncentereventuallybecameknownastheProteinInformationResource(PIR,formerlyProteinIdentificationResource;http://wats
7、on.gmu.edu:8080/pirwww/index.html).TheNBRFmaintainedthedatabasefrom1984,andin1988,thePIR-InternationalMargaretDayhoffProteinSequenceDatabase(http://www-nbrf.georgetown.edu/pir)wasestablishedasacollaborationofNBRF,theMunichCenterforProteinSequences(MIPS),andtheJapanInternational
