american literature part iv the literature of realism

american literature part iv the literature of realism

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时间:2018-07-22

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1、PartIV TheLiteratureofRealism美国现实主义文学(1860-1914)AmericanProgressthemodernizationofthenewwestColumbia,apersonificationoftheUnitedStates,leadscivilizationwestwardwithAmericansettlersthechangingformsoftransportationTheNativeAmericansandwildanimalsflee.一个人对宇宙说:“阁下,我是

2、存在的!”“不过,”传来宇宙的回答,“你的存在虽是事实,却并没有使我产生义务感。”——斯蒂芬·克莱恩HistoricalIntroductionLiteraryMovementsbetweentheCivilWarandtheFirstWorldWarTheEstablishmentofAmericanPoetryRiseoftheAmericanNovelLiteratureontheBlackBetweentheCivilWarandtheFirstWorldWarThreefundamentalconflictsr

3、eachingthebreakingpoint:TheagrarianidealofJeffersonandtheindustrialidealofHamiltonTheplantationgentilityoftheSouthandthecommercialgentilityoftheNorthAculturallymatureEastandarawandexpandingWestThegildedage:anageofexcessandextremes,ofdeclineandprogress,ofpovertyan

4、ddazzlingwealth,ofgloomandbuoyanthope.I.HistoricalIntroduction美国资本主义大工业迅猛发展,迫使原住民离乡背井,这幅图画展示的就是”镀金时代”的景象1.AmericanRealism2.AmericanNaturalismIILiteraryMovementsbetweentheCivilWarandtheFirstWorldWar1.1FeaturesofAmericanRealismThelatterhalfofthe19thcenturyoriginate

5、dinFrance“realisme”(Balzac(1799-1850).Aliterarydoctrinethatcalledfor“realityandtruth”inthetruthfultreatmentofmaterial.Charactersfromallsociallevelsareexaminedindepth.Beforethistimecharactersservedsomesortofallegoricalorsymbolicpurpose.1.AmericanRealismOpenending:

6、lifeiscomplexandcannotbeunderstoodFocusesoncommonnessofthelivesofthecommonpeoplewhoarecustomarilyignoredbythearts.EmphasizesobjectivityPresentsmoralvisions.1.AmericanRealism1.2RepresentativesofAmericanRealismMarkTwainWilliamDeanHowellsHenryJames1.AmericanRealism2

7、.1FeaturesofAmericanNaturalismApost-Darwinianmovementofthelate19thcenturyappliestheprinciplesofscientificdeterminationtofiction.Humans:controlledbylawsofheredityandenvironment:noautonomousactionTheuniverse:cold,godless,indifferent,hostile:socialsystemsthatdestroy

8、anddehumanizeindividualexperienceoflossandfailureSubjectmatters:violent,sensational,sordid,unpleasant,anduglyaspectsoflifewar,prostitution,criminals2.AmericanN

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