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1、BritishandAmericanLiterature·BritishandAmerican·Literature·WhatisLiterature?·Latin:Litterature“Writingformedwithletters”·OriginsofLiterature6typesoftheories·1.模仿说·2.神示说·Plato·3.游戏说·Kant·4.心灵表现说·Shelley·5.巫术说·6.劳动说·ChapterITheMedievalPeriod·Time:1066—1485·HistoricalBackgroundBefore1066Anglos
2、CeltsSaxonsGermanictribesJutes·Outcomes:theEnglishnationcameintobeingOldEnglishbecamedominanttheAnglo-SaxonswereChristianized·Thefollowingyears,thesevenkingdomsbuiltbytheAnglo-Saxonswereinwarsamongeachother.·TheVikingDaneslaunchedfierceattackontheAnglo-Saxons.HeadedbyKingAlfredtheGreat,theV
3、ikingwererepulsed.·TheAnglo-SaxonLiterature·1.OldEnglishPoetrythepagan（非基督教信徒）theChristian·BeowulfThenationalepic(史诗）oftheAnglo-Saxons.ItiscomposedintheoralformbysomeEnglishbards.ThematerialsarederivedfromtheScandinavianhistory,folklore,andmythology·Thefirstpartofthepoemnarratestwobattles.H
4、rothgar,theKingoftheDanes,hasbuiltagreathall,whereheandhiswarriorslivehappily.Grendel,amonsterattacksthem.Beowulf,ayoungwarrior,learnsofHrothgar’stroubleandsailstoDenmark.BeowulffightsheroicallywithGrendel,andtearshisarmandthemonsterrunsbackhomeinthemarshestodie.·ThesecondrecountsBeowulf’sf
5、ightwithGrendel’srevengefulmother.Theyareinafiercebattle,andintheendBeowulfcutsherheadoff.·Thesecondpart,BeowulfreturnshomeandbecomesaKing,respectedbyhispeople.Oneday,oneofhisslavesstealsagoldencupfromadragon’scave.Whenthedragonlearnsthetruth,hedestroyseverythinginsight.Beowulfsucceedinkill
6、ingthedragon,butBeowulfiswoundedandfinallydies.·2.OldEnglishProseBede:“thefatheroftheEnglishlearning”(比德《英吉利教会史》）TheEcclesiasticalHistoryoftheEnglishPeople·KingAlfredtheGreatwastheKingofthesouthernAnglo-SaxonkingdomofWessexandoneoftheoutstandingfiguresofEnglishhistory,asmuchforhissocialande
7、ducationalreformsasforhismilitarysuccessesagainsttheDanes.HeistheonlyEnglishmonarchknownas'theGreat'.·TheContributionofKingAlfredtheGreat:·1.AlotofLatinbooksweretranslatedintotheEnglishvernacular(白话）·2.TheAnglo-SaxonChronicle·3.HecreatedthefirstEnglishpr
