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1、EuropeanCulture AnIntroductionDivisionTwoTheBibleandChristianityGeneralIntroductionJudeo-ChristiantraditionconstitutesoneofthetwomajorcomponentsofEuropeanculture.JudaismandChristianityarecloselyrelated.Infact,itwastheJewishtraditionwhichgavebirthtoChristianity.Bothor
2、iginatedinPalestine.Some3800yearsagotheancestorsoftheJews-theHebrews-wanderedthroughthedesertsoftheMiddleEast.“Hebrews”,means“wanderers”.About1300B.C.,TheHebrewscametosettleinPalestine,knownasCanaanatthattime,andformedsmallkingdoms.Theirhistorywashandeddownorallyfrom
3、onegenerationtoanotherintheformoffolk-talesandstories,whichwererecordedlaterintheOldTestament,whichstilllaterbecamethefirstpartoftheChristianityBible.TheOldTestamentTheBibleisacollectionofreligiouswritingscomprisingtwoparts:theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.Theformer
4、isaboutGodandtheLawsofGod;thelatter,thedoctrineofJesusChrist.Theword“Testament”means“agreement”-namely,theagreementbetweenGodandMan.TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharefirstfivebooks,calledPentateuch1.ThePentateuch摩西五书Genesis创世纪Exodus出
5、埃及记Leviticus利未记Numbers民数记Deuteronomy申命记TheFallofManNoah’sArk诺亚方舟TenCommandments摩西十诫TheHistoricalBooksThispartoftheOldTestamentincludesthesebooks:BookofJoshua约书亚记,BookofJudges士师记,BooksofSamuel撒母耳记,BooksofKings列王纪,booksoftheChronicles历代志,BookofEzra以斯拉记,andBookofNehemia
6、h尼希米记.Theseworkswerewrittensometimebetween800B.C.and500B.C.,dealingwithhistoryoftheHebrewpeoplefromtheirentryintoPalestinearound1200B.C.tillthefallofPalestineintohandsofAssyriansandChaldeansin586B.C.ThePoeticalBooksa.BookofJob约伯记Itisapoeticdramawiththefollowingscheme
7、:PartOne:TheprologuePartTwo:ThepoemProperPartThree:Theepilogueb.BookofPsalms诗篇Itisacollectionof150poeticpieces,thechiefhymnaloftheJews.c.Proverb箴言Itisacollectionofmoralmaximsorsayingsofpracticalnature.d.Ecclesiastes传道书Itisacollectionofsayingsaboutthepurposeoflife.e.S
8、ongofSolomon所罗门之歌Itisacollectionoflovepoems,depictingeverydaylifeinthecountryside.TheProphets先知EarlierprophetslivedinGroupsastemple
