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1、TheHebrewsSomewhereontheroadsouthofDahab,easternSinaiPeninsula...TheHebrewslivedinthesmallstretchoflandontheeasternshoreoftheMediterraneanbetweenSyriaandEgypt.OverviewTheancientMiddleEastandMesopotamiawasadynamicallymulticulturalsocietycomposedofsmall,ofteninsignificantkingdomsfrequent
2、lytornbetweentheforcesofmightyempires,fromBabylontoEgypttoGreecetoRome.REF:TheHebrews:AlearningModule:http://www.wsu.edu:8001/~dee/HEBREWS/CONTENT1.HTMButoneofthesesmallkingdomsbecameoneofthemostimportantculturesinMiddleEasternandWesternhistorythroughitsreligion,philosophy,andlaw.Hebre
3、wMonotheismandtheCovenantTheHebrewsbeginsinauspiciously(不祥地)asaclosely-knit,war-likegroupofwanderingtribes.“Hebrews”means“wanderers”.AlmosteverythingweknowabouttheHebrewpeoplecomesfromtheBible–thewordderivesfromtheGreekbiblia,meaning“books”.TheHebrewBibleisacollectionofstoriesandsongsp
4、asseddownorallyforhundredsofyears.Curiously,itwasindefeat,dominatedoverbyforeignerswhosefatherscamefromacrosstheMediterraneansea,thattheHebrewswouldemergeasoneofthemostsignificantprogenitors(祖先)ofthecultureoftheWestandMiddleEast,givingusmonotheism,law,andanewhistoryforthewest.TheHebrew
5、srecordedeventsandlawsintheTorahtheirmostsacredtext.LikemanyMesopotamianpeoples,theHebrewstoldofagreatfloodthatdevastatedtheland.TheybelievedthatGodhadsentthefloodtopunishthewicked.Torah:律法,圣经旧约之首五卷(i.e.Genesis,Exodus,Leviticus,NumbersandDeuteronomy).AccordingtotheTorah,theHebrewsorigi
6、natedinSumerinMesopotamia.About2000B.C.,theymigratedwestwardundertheleadershipofAbrahamofUr,herdingtheirflocksofsheepandgoatsintoaregionknownasCanaan(latercalledPalestine)alongtheMediterraneanSea.InCanaan,AbrahamreceivedGod’spromisethathisdescendantswouldreturntothatlandandbecome“agrea
7、tnation”.God’spromisetoAbrahamestablishedtheHebrewclaimtoCanaan(modern-dayIsrael).Atthesametime,thecovenant(orcontract)betweenGodandtheHebrews(“IwillbeyourGod;youwillbemypeople”,Genesis)markedthebeginningoftheHebrewbeliefintheirdestinyasGod’sChosenPeople.TheBookofGenesistellsthatarou
