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1、Chapter6AbstractWritingDefinitionofanabstractShortaccountorbriefoverviewofthecontentsofabook,apaper,orareport,etc.Whatareabstractswrittenfor?1)Forreaderstoidentifyandlocatethenecessaryarticles/librariestocataloguethearticles---identifyingandlocatingfunction---bibliographicinformation;2)Forreade
2、rstodecideiftheyneedtoreaditornot---sortingfunction---overviewofthearticle.TheformatofanabstractforjournalpapersTheTitleThetitleofyourabstractshouldbethesameasthetitleofyourscientificpaper.TheBodyoftheAbstractTheabstractisaverybriefoverviewofyourentirestudy.IttellsthereaderWHATyoudid,WHYyoudidi
3、t,HOWyoudidit,WHATyoufound,andWHATitmeans.Theabstractshouldbrieflystatethepurposeoftheresearch(introduction),howtheproblemwasstudied(methods),theprincipalfindings(results),andwhatthefindingsmean(discussionandconclusion).Ittendstobedescriptivebutconcise--sayonlywhatisessential,usingnomorewordsth
4、annecessarytoconveymeaning.TheKeyWordsSeveralkeywordsareusedforthebibliographic(书目的)informationneededbylibrariesandinformationretrievalsystemsforcataloguingSampleCulturalDifferencesbetweenChinaandU.S.A(Titleofthearticle)XuPing(Theauthor’sname)(TsinghuaUniversity,BeijingChina100000)(Theauthor’so
5、fficeaddress)Abstract:(Bodypart)Keywords:***Thebodypart***1.Onlyoneparagraphisneeded.2.Imperativesentences,exclamations,formulasandtables,etc.arenotpermitted.3.Comments,explanationsandinterpretationsarenotneeded.4.Thirdpersonshouldbeused,forexample:thispaper,it,etc.5.Passivevoiceisoftenused.6.P
6、resenttense,pasttense,andpresentperfecttenseareoftenusedinwritinganabstract.7.Sentencesusedshouldbeclearandconcise.***Thekeywords***Bettertousespecificwordsorwordgroupsforthepurposeofretrieval(e.g.“carbondioxide”insteadof“organiccompound”)；Avoidabbreviatedwordscreatedbyyourself,useabbreviations
7、recognizedbyscientificcommunity(e.g.:DNA);Useappropriatenumberofkeywords(3-5).[Sampleabstractforjournalpaper]ThispaperdealswiththeEnglishsyllabusforgraduatestudentsinChina.ItfirstreviewsthehistoryofthegraduateEnglishteaching,thend
