learning styles and strategies in the esl classroom

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1、LearningstylesandstrategiesintheESLclassroomDavidNunanTheEnglishCentreUniversityofHongKongOverviewDefiningstylesandstrategiesExamplesofstylesandstrategiesinlanguagelearningLearningstrategyresearchAcasestudyDefininglearningstyle…anindividual’snatural,habitual,andpreferredwaysofabs

2、orbing,processing,andretainingnewinformationandskills.(Kinsella,1995)FielddependentvsfieldindependentVisualversusauditoryAnalyticvsglobalExamplesConcretelearners:tendtolikegames,pictures,video,usingcassettes,talkinginpairs,practicingoutsideclassAnalyticallearners:likestudyinggram

3、marandEnglishbooks,readingnewspapers,studyingalone(findingtheirownmistakes,workingonproblemssetbytheteacher)ExamplesCommunicativelearners:liketolearnbywatchingandlisteningtoNS,talkingtofriendsinEnglish,watchingTVinEnglish,usingEnglishoutofclass,learningnewwordsbyhearingthem,learn

4、ingthroughconversationsAuthority-orientedlearners:prefertheteachertoexplaineverything,havingtheirowntextbook,studyinggrammar,learningbyreading,learningnewwordsbyseeingthemDefininglearningstrategyThementalandcommunicativeprocedureslearnersuseinordertolearnanduselanguage.(Nunan,199

5、9)Characteristicswewanttostimulateinstudentstoenablethemtobecomemoreproficientlanguagelearners.(Oxford1990)ExamplesCognitiveInductivelearning:formulatingprinciplesandrulesfrominstancesoflanguageE.g.StudyconversationanddiscovertheruleforformingthesimplepasttenseExamplesInterperson

6、alCooperating:sharingideasandworkingwithotherstudentsE.g.WorkinsmallgroupstoreadatextandcompleteatableExamplesLinguisticSelectivelistening:listeningforkeyinformationwithouttryingtounderstandeverywordE.g.ListentoaconversationandidentifythetopicExamplesAffectivePersonalizing:learne

7、rssharetheirownopinions,feelingsandideasE.g.ReadaletterfromafriendinneedandgiveadviceResearchTherearefourbasiclearningstyles.Eachstylefavorsparticularlearningstrategies.(Willing,1987)Research‘Good’languagelearnershavearangeofstrategiesthatreflectadegreeofautonomy(Benson2002)‘Good

8、’languagelearnersactivatetheirlanguageou