《金属及其化合物》专题复习（special review of metals and their compounds）

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1、《金属及其化合物》专题复习（Specialreviewofmetalsandtheircompounds）SpecialreviewofmetalsandtheircompoundsI.concept1.acidoxides--theoxidethatreactswithbasestoformsaltsandwateriscalledacidoxide.Rule-mostnonmetallicoxidesareacidoxides.Suchas:CO2,SO2,SO3,2.basicoxides?anoxidet

2、hatreactswithacidstoformsaltsandwateriscalledalkalineoxide.Rule-mostmetaloxidesarebasicoxidesSuchas:MgO,Na2O,CuO3.amphotericoxidesAcidreactswithbasesandreactswithbasestoformoxidesofsaltandwatercalledamphotericoxides.Suchas:Al2O3Al2O3+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2O+6H++2Al3

3、+=Al2O3;3H2OAl2O3+2NaOH==2NaAlO2+H2O;Al2O3+2OH-+H2O=2AlO2-AcidoxideOxidebasicoxideAmphotericoxide4.amphoterichydroxideAcidreactswithbasesandreactswithbasestoformoxidesofsaltandwatercalledamphotericoxides.Suchas:Al(OH)3Al(OH)3+3HCl=AlCl3+3H2O;Al(OH)3+3H+=Al3++

4、3H2O;Al(OH)NaOH==3+NaAlO2+2H2O;Al(OH)3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O;SolublehydroxideHydroxideinsolublehydroxideAmphoterichydroxide5.doublesalt--bytwoormoremetalcationsandanionsconsistingofasaltcalledsalt.Suchas:KAl(SO4)2Neutralsaltsuchas:Na2SO4,K2CO3Acidsaltssuchas:NaHSO4,

5、NaHCO3saltSaltsuchasCu2(OH)2CO3(Pseudomonas)SaltsuchasKAl(SO4)2Apply--practiceoneTwo.Propertiesofmetalsandtheircompounds1generalpropertiesofmetalsMetalNaAlFeCuElectronlosstendencyGraduallydiminishedReactionwithoxygenNa2O2,Na2OAl2O3Fe3O4CuOReactionwithwaterCan

6、(atnormaltemperature,intense)Energy(atroomtemperature,strongalkali)Beableto(heat,steam)cannotThereactionrateandseveritydecreasedgraduallyReactionwithhydrochloricacidcancancancannotThereactionrateandseveritydecreasedgraduallyReactionwithNaOHcannotcancannotcann

7、otReactionwithAgNO3solutioncancancancanApply-practicetwoTransformationrelationshipbetween2sodiumanditscompounds:Na2ONaCl,Na,NaOH,Na2CO3,NaHCO3Na2O2Reactiontype:(1);(2)(3);(4)(5);(6)(7);(8)(9);(10)(11);(12)（13）；●应用-----练习三●注意--------实验现象实验或反应实验现象钠在空气中燃烧钠受热后，先熔

8、成液态小球，然后剧烈燃烧，发出黄色火焰钠与水反应一个钠浮在水面上；B钠熔化成小球；C钠球在水面上向各个方向迅速游动，钠球逐渐变小，最后消失；D与水反应发出”嘶嘶”的声言；E反应后溶液变红钠与CuSO4溶液反应一个钠浮在溶液面上；B钠熔化成小球；C钠球在液面上向各个方向迅速游动，钠球逐渐变小，最后消失；D与溶液反应发出”嘶嘶”的声言；E有蓝色沉淀产生过氧化钠与水反应一个有无