油气储运专业英语

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1、FPSO：FloatingProduction,StorageandOffloading.Typicallyatankertypehullorbargewithwellheadsonaturretthattheshipcanrotatefreelyaround(topointintowind,wavesorcurrent).Theturrethaswireropeandchainconnectionstoseveralanchors(positionmooring-POSMOR),oritcanbedynamicallypositionedusingthruster

2、s(dynamicpositioning-DYNPOS).Waterdepths200to200meters,Commonwithsubseawells.Themainprocessisplacedonthedeck,whilethehullisusedforstorageandoffloadingtoashuttletanker.Mayalsobeusedwithpipelinetransport.TLP:ATensionLegPlatformconsistsofastructureheldinplacebyverticaltendonsconnectedtoth

3、eseafloorbypile-securedtemplates.Thestructureisheldinafixedpositionbytensionedtendons,whichprovideforuseoftheTLPinabroadwaterdepthranguptoabout2000m.Limitedverticalmotion.Thetendonsareconstructedashollowhightensilestrengthsteelpipesthatcarrythesparebuoyancyofthestructureandensurelimite

4、dverticalmotion.AvariantisSeastarplatformswhichareminiaturefloatingtensionlegplatforms,muchlikethesemisubmersibletype,withtensionedtendons.SPAR:TheSPARconsistsofasingletallfloatingcylinderhull,supportingafixeddeck.Thecylinderhoweverdoesnotextendallthewaytotheseafloor,butinsteadistether

5、edtothebottombyaseriesofcablesandlines.Thelargecylinderservestostabilizetheplatforminthewater,andallowsformovementtoabsorbtheforceofpotentialhurricanes.Sparscanbequitelargeandareusedforwaterdepthsfrom300andupto3000meters.SPARisnotanacronym,butreferstoitslikenesswithaship’sspar.Sparscan

6、supportdrycompletionwells,butismoreoftenusedwithsubseawells.Togetthelastofthewateroutoftheoil,theoilisprocessedthroughanoiltreateroratreatingsystem.Atreaterissimilartoaseparator,butwithspecialfeaturestohelpseparatethewaterfromtheoil.Treatersortreatingsystemsusuallyprovideheattoreduceoi

7、lviscosityandlargesettlingsectionstoallowthewatertimetosettlefromtheoil,andmayprovideanelectrostaticgridtopromotecoalescingofthewaterdroplets.Conventionaltreatersusuallyhaveafrontsectionwithaheaterinwhichtheemulsionisheatedandinitialseparationofthe“freewater”takesplace.Theoilthenflow