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ID:12358481
大小:42.00 KB
页数:7页
时间:2018-07-16
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1、FPSO:FloatingProduction,StorageandOffloading.Typicallyatankertypehullorbargewithwellheadsonaturretthattheshipcanrotatefreelyaround(topointintowind,wavesorcurrent).Theturrethaswireropeandchainconnectionstoseveralanchors(positionmooring-POSMOR),oritcanbedynamicallypositionedusingthruster
2、s(dynamicpositioning-DYNPOS).Waterdepths200to200meters,Commonwithsubseawells.Themainprocessisplacedonthedeck,whilethehullisusedforstorageandoffloadingtoashuttletanker.Mayalsobeusedwithpipelinetransport.TLP:ATensionLegPlatformconsistsofastructureheldinplacebyverticaltendonsconnectedtoth
3、eseafloorbypile-securedtemplates.Thestructureisheldinafixedpositionbytensionedtendons,whichprovideforuseoftheTLPinabroadwaterdepthranguptoabout2000m.Limitedverticalmotion.Thetendonsareconstructedashollowhightensilestrengthsteelpipesthatcarrythesparebuoyancyofthestructureandensurelimite
4、dverticalmotion.AvariantisSeastarplatformswhichareminiaturefloatingtensionlegplatforms,muchlikethesemisubmersibletype,withtensionedtendons.SPAR:TheSPARconsistsofasingletallfloatingcylinderhull,supportingafixeddeck.Thecylinderhoweverdoesnotextendallthewaytotheseafloor,butinsteadistether
5、edtothebottombyaseriesofcablesandlines.Thelargecylinderservestostabilizetheplatforminthewater,andallowsformovementtoabsorbtheforceofpotentialhurricanes.Sparscanbequitelargeandareusedforwaterdepthsfrom300andupto3000meters.SPARisnotanacronym,butreferstoitslikenesswithaship’sspar.Sparscan
6、supportdrycompletionwells,butismoreoftenusedwithsubseawells.Togetthelastofthewateroutoftheoil,theoilisprocessedthroughanoiltreateroratreatingsystem.Atreaterissimilartoaseparator,butwithspecialfeaturestohelpseparatethewaterfromtheoil.Treatersortreatingsystemsusuallyprovideheattoreduceoi
7、lviscosityandlargesettlingsectionstoallowthewatertimetosettlefromtheoil,andmayprovideanelectrostaticgridtopromotecoalescingofthewaterdroplets.Conventionaltreatersusuallyhaveafrontsectionwithaheaterinwhichtheemulsionisheatedandinitialseparationofthe“freewater”takesplace.Theoilthenflow
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