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1、DesignarchitectureandlandscapeinterfaceAbstract:Asbordersbetweenbuildingsandtheirnaturalsurroundingsbecomemorepermeable,expertsseegreensurfacesandrelatedfeaturesasfunctionalcomponentsofbuildingsystems,withevolvingstandards,clearermetrics,anddefinablebenefits.Naturehasbeenprototypingdesignsfarlon
2、gerthanhumanshave.Andasarchitectsstrivetokeepupwiththerapidlyevolvingworldofgreen-buildingstandards,someofthemarelookingtoexploitthatexperiencebybridgingthegapbetweennatureandthebuiltenvironment.Theendgoal:creatingafunctionalinterfacebetweenthetwothatimprovesbuildingperformance.Keyword:Designarc
3、hitecture,naturalsurroundings,SystematizingInterfaceStandardsInthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,buildingsandlandscapebecamedisconnected.Manyarchitectssawnatureasanunrulyforcetobeexcludedatallcosts.Nonetheless,asmallbutvocalgroupmaintainedinterestintheinterplayofthebuiltandnaturalenvironments.Andtod
4、ay,architectsincreasinglyseebiomimeticandbiophilicapproachesaspracticalstrategies.Contemporarysystemsthatexemplifythisinterplayincludegreenandblueroofs,greenfaçades,livinggreenwalls,porouspavements,andassociatedsystemsformanagingwaterandsoil.Butputtingthesegreenmachinestoworkisn’tplug-and-play;i
5、tcallsforpatientcost-benefitassessment.Well-deployednaturalfeaturescanimprovewatermanagementandthermalcontrolandreduceoperatingcosts,buttheyarenotapanacea.“Wehavetobreakitdownthreeways,”saysSigneNielsen,aprincipalattheNewYorklandscapearchitecturefirmMathewsNielsen.“We’vegottheup-frontcapitalcost
6、s,thelong-termmaintenancecost,andthenthelong-termbenefittosociety.”Incommunicationswithclients,sherecommends,“yououghttobepreparedfordevelopinganopiniononallthreeandbackingitupwithfactsanddollars.”Specificmetricsexistforirrigation,stormwatercontrol,energymodeling,andbenefitsproducedbytrees,among
7、others.Architects,Nielsennotes,canemployresourcessuchastheNationalTreeBenefitCalculator,whichtakeslocation,species,treesize,andnearbyland-usecategoriesasinputs,andreturnsestimatesofcostsavingsforstormwatercontrol,electricity
