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1、不同研发补贴中企业绩效管理;通常研究与开发(ResearchandDevelopment,R&D)可分为:R&D工艺研究和R&D产品研究。前者是指企业通过R&D投入来降低生产成本的技术;后者则是通过R&D投入来开发新产品的技术和提高产品质量的技术,进而满足消费者需求。R&D产品带来产品垂直差异,同时也带来产品水平差异。R&D产品直接影响消费者剩余,这是因为R&D产品提高产品质量,质量直接影响每个消费者效用函数;R&D工艺仅是通过降低边际成本来增加产量而间接影响消费者剩余。;技术溢出是指企业不必通过付费的市场
2、交易就可以免费获得其它企业创造的信息。信息创造企业无法利用有效的资源阻止其他企业免费获得自己的信息,但可以通过合作将技术的外部性内在化。由于R&D投入的不确定性以及各合作方对产品市场竞争的担忧,各企业在研发投入上存在“搭便车”行为。因此,政府采用各种激励政策促进企业加大研发投入:1)对现行产业政策进行调整,允许企业间开展研发合作;2)保护知识产权;3)对企业研发进行补贴。政府对企业的补贴方式分为两种:1)对企业研发投入实行按比例的补贴,以减少企业的研发边际成本;2)根据企业研发成果的价值实施补贴。;organizationsystemandworkingmode,the
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