语言学与应用语言学2004[试卷+答案]

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1、北京外国语大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试语言学与应用语言学专业试卷IMPORTANT!!!AllthequestionsaretobeansweredinEnglishontheanswersheetsprovided．1．ShakespearehasJulietsay：What’sinaname?ThatwhichwecallaroseByanyothernamewouldsmellassweet．Whatdotheabovelinessaytoyouabouttherelationshipbetweentheform(sounds)and

2、meaning(concept)ofawordinspokenlanguage?ExplainwithpositiveevidenceaswellasexceptionsfromtheEnglishlanguage．(15points)2．Howmuchdoesourlanguageinfluencethewaywethink?Howdeeplydolanguageandcultureinterpenetrateandinfluenceoneanother?Thesequestionsaboutlanguagehavefascinatedthi

3、nkersthroughouttheages．Forexample，JohannGottfriedHerderandWilhelmyonHumboldtintheGermanRomantictraditionregardedlanguageasaprismaorgridspreadoverthingsintheworldsothateachlanguagereflectsadifferentworldview．Writeashortessaytoexplainyourpositiononthisview．(35points)3．IsEnglis

4、halanguagethatusesaphoneticalphabetsystem?Explainbrieflywhyorwhynotwithexamples．(15points)4．Supposeyouweregivenfourcards，eachofwhichhadadifferentphonemeofEnglishprintedonit：kblINowarrangethesecardstoformallthe"possible"wordsthatthesefourphonemescouldform．Discusswhatrulesyouh

5、avefollowedt0comeupwiththesewords．(20points)5．Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthatyouunderstandtheambiguityinvolved：(10points)a．Dickfinallydecidedontheboat．b．Theprofessor'sappointmentwasshocking．c．Thegovernorisadirtystreetfighter．d．Terryloveshisw

6、ifeandsodoI．e．Nosmokingsectionavailable．6．Itisarguedthatgrammaticalityjudgmentsdonotdependonwhetherthesentenceismeaningfulornot,asshownbythesentence"Colorlessgreenideassleepfuriously”，whichdoesnotmakemuchsensebutissyntacticallywellformed．Howwouldyourespondtothisargument?(25p

7、oints)7．TOEFLoftenrequirestheexamineestospecifythesituationalcontextafterlisteningtoaconversation．Seeforexampleatape-scriptbelowforanexamitem．VoiceA(male)：Howmuchisthistie?VoiceB(female)：FortyVoiceC(male)：Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?WhatdoyouthinkistheTOEF

8、Lpeople’sbeliefaboutwhatconstituteslinguisticcompetenceandhowlinguisticcomp