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农村寄宿制学校管理存在的问题及其对策研究（TheproblemsandCountermeasuresofthemanagementofruralboardingschools）TheproblemsandCountermeasuresofthemanagementofruralboardingschoolsAbstract:inrecentyears,therapiddevelopmentofruralboardingschoolshasbecomeanimportantpartofChina'sruralbasiceducation.Withtherapidexpansionofthescaleofboardingschools,theboardingschoolhasexposedsomeproblemsinstudentmanagement,teachermanagementandschoolmanagement.Byanalyzingthecausesoftheseproblems,putforwardthroughtheincreaseofboardingschoolconstructionfunds,establishandimprovetheboardingschoolmanagementsystem,strengthenthedailymanagementoftheschoolandothermeasures,hopingtoprovidesomeusefulreferencefortheconstructionofboardingschoolsinruralareasanddevelopment.Keywords:boardingschool;management;countermeasureresearchIn2001,the"decision"oftheStateCouncilonthereformanddevelopmentofbasiceducationinthefirstadvocatesetupboardingschools,publishedin2004,"2003-2007educationrevitalizationactionplan"implementation"emphasisontheconstructionofboardingschoolsinruralareas"asthebreakthroughpoint,tostrengthentheconstructionofthewesternruraljuniorhighschool,primaryschool".AccordingtofiguresreleasedbytheMinistryofeducation,2004-2007years,thecentralgovernmenthasinvested10billionyuanto build7651schools,benefitingabout2millionstudents.In2010,thestateissuedthe"nationalmediumandlongtermeducationreformanddevelopmentprogram(2010-2020)"clearlyproposedtospeeduptheconstructionofruralboardingschools,prioritytomeettheneedsofchildrenleftbehindaccommodation."Formorethan10years,theruralboardingschoolsinourcountryhavemadegreatprogress,butthemanagementofboardingschoolshasalsoexposedsomeproblems.Thispaperstartswiththeexistingproblemsinthemanagementofruralboardingschools,analyzesthecausesoftheproblems,andputsforwardsomecountermeasuresonhowtobettermanagetheruralboardingschools.First,theproblemsexistinginthemanagementofruralboardingschoolsAtpresent,boardingschoolshavebecomethemostimportantmodeofruralcompulsoryeducationintheruralareasofChina,especiallyintheruralareasofthecentralandwesternpartsofchina.However,aswithalltherapidlydevelopingthings,thedevelopmentofruralboardingschoolsisnoexception.Thisarticleisonlyfromthreeaspectsofstudentmanagement,teachermanagementandschoolmanagement.(1)studentmanagementneedstobeimproved.Studentmanagementisthemostconcentratedandprominentaspectofthemanagementofruralboardingschools.Studentmanagementisthecoreofthewholeruralboardingschoolmanagement,andalsothekeytosolvetheproblem.Studentmanagementmainlyincludestwoaspects:teachingmanagementandlifemanagement.Themanagementofteachingbelongstothenormalmanagementunder theorderofteachingandshouldnotbeexplainedhere.Hereweputthefocusoftheproblemonlifemanagement,thatis,theabnormalteachinglinksneedtopayattentionto.Lifemanagementinboardingschoolstakesmorethan3~5hoursadaymorethannonboardingschools,whichobjectivelytakesuppart-timehoursformanyteachers.Themainproblemsofstudentlifemanagementareasfollows:first,students'psychologicalproblemsareeasilyneglected.Accordingtotheobservationandinvestigationofthepresentboardingstudentsbytherelevantorganizations,manystudentshavemoreorlesspsychologicalproblems.Imagine,asixorsevenyearoldchildcannotwanttheirparents?Foralongtime,somestudentsappearwithdrawn,indifferenttorelativesandotherissues.Twoisthestudentrepastconditionispoor,thenutritioncannotkeepup.Becausemostoftheboardingschoollocatedinremote,trafficinconvenience,inmosteconomicallyunderdevelopedareas,coupledwiththelocalgovernmentfinancialresourcesarelimited,theinvestmentoffundscannotmeettheactualneeds,resultinginmanystudentsoftheschoolfoodstandardislow,manystudentsmalnutrition,healthisseriouslyaffected.Three,thesecurityawarenessofstudentmanagementneedstobestrengthened.Becauseoftheyoungerstudentsandthelackofself-protectionawareness,itiscommonforthemtothrowawaythings,fight,andbullyseniorstudents.Thesecuritymanagementoffemaledormitoryismoreurgent.(two)teachermanagementneedsurgentfollow-up.Themanagementofruralboardingteachersisanimportantpartofthemanagementofsuchschools.However,therearestillsomeproblemsintheexistingmethodsofteachermanagement.Mainlyincludes:first,theteacherteamlacksthenecessarystability, theteacherteamdrainphenomenonismoreserious.Somepeoplesaythattheboardingschoolteachersare"eatrice,docowlive",theteacherhasgonebeyondtheoriginalmeaning,hasbecomeananny,parents,masterandotherfunctionsinone,nodoubt,theresponsibilityismorethaneverbefore.Therefore,manyteachersaredesperatelytryingtomovetotownsandcounties.Two,teachersshouldfurtherimprovetheirtreatment.Althoughnowengagedinperformancepayreform,ruralteacherswageshavealsobeengreatlyimproved,butcomparedtothetownship,county,schoolteachers,thereisstillacertaingap.Three,thetrainingofteachersisveryscarce,especiallyintheabsenceofopportunitiestostudyabroad.Manyteachershavetaughtbooksalltheirlives,notstudyingandtrainingseveraltimes,Lackofcommunicationwithotherschoolteachers,soalongtime,oldideas,oldideas,itisdifficulttopromotetheimprovementofteachinglevel.(three)schoolmanagementneedstobestrengthened.First,theschoolrelatedmanagementsystemisnotperfect.Suchassecurity,recreationalactivities,emergencyresponsemechanisms,lackofclearsystemregulations.Twoschooladministrators,jobresponsibilities,thesystemneedstobeimplemented.Iftheresponsibilitiesofsomemanagementpositionsarenotclearandthedefinitionisunclear,somefunctionsarenotcarriedout,andemptydocumentsareleftunattended.Threeisthelifeteacherisnotequipped,thelifeteacher'spostdutyneedstoconsummatefurther.Four,themanagementofschoolfundsneedstobestrengthened,andthelackoffundsinputisprominent. Two,thereasonsfortheaboveproblemsTherearemanyreasonsforthemanagementofruralboardingschools,andtheyaremainlysummarizedasfollows:(1)thebasisispoorandthefoundationisthin.First,ruralboardingschoolsaremostlylocatedinrural,remoteareaswheretheeconomy,cultureandeducationarerelativelybackward.Thebackwardnessofeconomicdevelopmenthasmadeitimpossibleforschoolstobuildtheirhardwareinonestep.Blindconstruction,therapidannexationofothervillages,smallschools,crowdedschools,facilitiesandotherproblems.Twoistheshortageofteachers,teachersarealsoseveraljobs,managementcannotafford.Theteacherspecializationoverlap,someteachersareengagedinteachingworkandinchargeofschoollogisticsandsecuritywork,intheendistheteachereverythingandeverything,notgood,careforthisandlosethathaveoccurred.Threeisthelarge-scaleconstructionofboardingschoolsinruralareasisalsodevelopedinthelasttenyears,avarietyofimperfectfacilities,suchashospitals,safetyandsanitationfacilitiesarenotperfect;itisthelackofsoftwareconstruction,suchasprofessionallifeteachers,psychologicalcounselingteachers,securitypersonnel,medicalpersonnelarescarce.(two)heavyconstructionandlightmanagement.Governmentintheconstructionofboardingschoolscanbedescribedasmoreinvestment,accordingtodatareleasedbyChongqing,from2006to2010atotalof2200boardingschools,withatotalinvestmentofnearly7billionyuan.Thereare1million960 thousandstudentsintheschool,accountingfor63%ofthetotalsizeofthestudentsinthecompulsoryeducationstage.Theconstructionoftheseboardingschoolsprovidesamaterialbasisforimprovingtheconditionsofruralschoolsandpromotingthedevelopmentofruraleducation.However,intheprocessofconstruction,theboardingschoolhasbecomeahardtaskandahardindicatorofthelocalgovernment.Whatismore,ithasbecomeaperformanceproject,andsomeprojectsthatdonotneedorlackproofhavebeenlaunchedblindly.Andafterthecompletionofthemanagement,duetolackoffunds,manynecessaryfacilities,teachers,equipment,schoolmanagementandsoon,cannotkeeppacewiththepaceofconstruction.Atpresent,schoolsandteachersdonothaveinitiativeandinitiativeinpromotingboardingmanagement.Mostschoolshavenothadtimetothinkabouthowtoorfromtheangleofcombiningtheoryandpracticetostudyhowtoruntheboardingschool,howtolettheenthusiasmandinitiativeofteachers,schoolmanagementmodeisstillinusebefore.Three,strengthenthemanagementofruralboardingschools(1)increasinginvestmentinthefollow-upconstructionofruralboardingschools.Thecentralandlocalgovernmentscontinuetoincreasefinancialinvestment,encouragethecommunityofloveenterpriseandindividualdonations,activelyraisefundsfromallsides,totheconstructionofruralboardingschooldormitory,canteen,bathroom,toilet,healthroom,boilingwaterroominreallifeuse,andimproveequipmentfacilitiesofruralboardingschools,fromthestudentaccommodationdiet,dailylife,serviceandteachingequipmentsoastospeeduptheconstruction,inordertomeet therequirementsoftheboardingschoolconditions,withthestandardizationofthehardwarefacilitiesandservicesinthecommunity,givefullplaytotheboardingschooleducationteachingfunction,andstrivetomakeparentssatisfaction,letthepublicsatisfaction,sothatthegovernmentassured.(two)establishandimprovethemanagementsystemofboardingschools.Soundandperfectmanagementsystemandefficientmanagementisthekeytoimprovetheefficiencyofboardingschool.Therefore,itisnecessarytoestablishasound,standard,scientific,reasonableandeffectiveboardingschoolmanagementsystem.First,establishandimprovethemanagementsystem.Establishasuitableschoolpracticalteaching,life,health,security,culturalandotheraspectsofthemanagementsystem,strengthentheschoolbuildings,facilitiesandequipmentsafetyinspection,configurationandmanagementwork,establishandimprovethesafetywarningsystemandregularinspectionmechanism,improvethediet,healthandsafetymanagementsystem,allkindsofemergencyplanthesuddenaccident,topreventtheoccurrenceofvarioustypesofaccidentscausedbypoormanagement.Twoistoestablishtheschoolmanagementpostresponsibilitysystem.Thefullimplementationoftheresponsibilitysystem,theprincipalshallassumeoverallresponsibilityofschoolmanagement,theimplementationofpersonalresponsibilityforthedailymanagementoftheschool,clearschooldepartmentsattendedboardingschoolmanagementresponsibilities,theformationofmanagementofspecificwork,managementnetworkmanagementofvariousdepartments,sothateveryonealltheirjob,duties.Threeistoestablishfundingguaranteemechanism, Ensurethenormaloperationofboardingschools.Onthebasisofthescientificcalculationoftheoperatingcostsofboardingschools,theoperatingbudgetisfullyincorporatedintothebudget.Atthesametime,activelysupporttheconstructionofboardingschoolsandsmallfarmworkbase,inaccordancewiththescaleofstudents,freeofchargeforboardingschoolallocationofsmallfarmsandworkplaces,combiningstudents'laborpracticeeducationbase,theoverallconstruction,theobtainedincomesubsidiesshouldbemainlyusedforstudentlife,reducethecostoflivingofboardingstudents,creatingconditionsforeffortstoimproveboardingstudentslife.(three)strengtheningthedailymanagementofboardingschools.First,weshouldstrengthenthemanagementoflife,teachersandotherstaffandworkers.Inaccordancewiththestandard,increasingtheschool'slogisticsstaffestablishment,completeschoollogisticsmanagementpersonnel,studentcounselors,medicalcarepersonnelandsecuritypersonnel,andstrengthenthetrainingandguidanceofboardingschoolrelatedpersonnel,toensurethatboardingschoolmanagementwork.Theteachersintheboardingschoolareveryhard,anditisnecessarytosetupaperfectteachermanagementmechanismsothateveryteachercanworkinaboardingschool.Twoistostrengthenthemanagementofpoorboarderssubsidyfunds.Toestablishascientificandstandardpoorboarderslivingallowancefundsapproval,use,paymentsystem,perfectthemanagementmechanism,sothatthepersonresponsible,dedicated,specialaccountmanagement,budgetaccounting,timelypublicity,monthlypayment,audit,andconsciouslyacceptstudentsandsocialsupervision,toensurethe implementationofpoliciesinplace,topreventembezzlementandcorruption;toregularlychecktheuseofsubsidiesandfunds,andwiththeauditdepartmenttoaudit,theauditresultsshouldbepublicized.(articlefrom:Shijiazhuangaccreditationwww.yzppe.com)
