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1、高中英语语法动名词1.动名词的句法功能:动名词由动词加ing构成,与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。①作主语,可以直接放在句首,也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语,而把动名词后置。eg.Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)Sayingiseasierthandoing.Collectingstampsisagoodhobby.(单个动名词短语作主语时,动词用单数)动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法:Itisnouse(good)+动名词:做某事没有用Eg.It'snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)T
2、hereisno+动名词(=Itisimpossibletodosth.)Eg.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.(未来的事无法知道)②作表语:通常是说明主语的内容,注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别eg.Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.(此句为SVC结构)可改为:Collectingstampsishishobby.Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是谓语动词进行时,此句为SVO结构)不能改为:Collectingstampsishe.③作宾语A.作及物动词的宾语(enjoy,mind,finis
3、h,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,escape,practice,suggest,keep(on),miss)eg.2005年上海卷No.32Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn'trisk_____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost答案为B有些动词(attempt,begin,continue,hate,like,love)后面既可以接不定式作宾语,也可以接动名词作宾语,意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般
4、的倾向性,用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。Eg.IlikeswimmingbutIdon'tliketoswiminwinter.动词prefer后面接不定式作宾语时,句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样。eg.Iprefertodriveratherthantobedriven.Ipreferdrivingtoriding. 有些动词,如forget,remember,regret等,后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作,不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。Eg.2005年北京卷No.30Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered_____at
5、heparty,butnot______.A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语:动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补+动名词(真正宾语)eg.Ithinkitnousetellingthem.Wethinkitnogoodinvitingtohim.B.作介词的宾语Eg.2005年浙江卷No.3Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhour______hisnotes.A.bringingupB.
6、referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingonbeusedtodoing习惯于做;lookforwardtodoing盼望做;devoteone'slifetodoing致力于做;spenttime(in)doing花时间做;befondofdoing喜爱做;begoodatdoing擅长做;beproudofdoing为做…而自豪;betiredofdoing对做…感到厌倦;feellikedoing欲想做;goondoing继续做(原来的事);keepondoing不停地做;whataboutdoing做…怎么样;thinkofdoing考虑做;beint
7、erestedindoing对做…感兴趣;havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing做某事有困难;bebusy(in)doing忙于做;insteadofdoing做…而不做…eg.2005年江苏卷No.23EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand______jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup答案为C④作定语动名词可